MO 300 Final Exam with 100% correct answers 2024

complex systems correct answers - the opposite of simple systems - two componenets: Complex Interactions and Tight Coupling - many steps, many connections, intricate processes (ex. Everest expedition, any multinational corp) Complex Interactions correct answers different elements of the complex system interact in ways that are unexpected and difficult to comprehend Tight Coupling correct answers fairly rigid sequence of time-dependent activities, such that one problem could trigger others Buffering against Complex System problems correct answers - psychological safety to defeat groupthink/biases - all about reducing overconfidence/escalation of commitment Everest Case reduced psych safety correct answers - status difference between members and leaders, between individual members and another - lack of leader coaching and support - lack of familiarity/prior interaction Groupthink correct answers - "pluralistic ignorance" - norm for consensus overrides realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action Groupthink symptoms correct answers - overestimation of the group - self-censorship - escalation of commitment - genuine belief in the Leadership Congruence Model Overestimation of the Group correct answers - illusion of invulnerability - collective rationalization Self-censorship correct answers - pressure towards uniformity - illusion of unanimity Illusion of Invulnerability correct answers creates excessive optimism that encourages taking extreme risks Collective rationalization correct answers members discount warnings and do not reconsider their assumptions Illusion of unanimity correct answers majority view and judgments are assumed to be unanimous