BHSC 1200 MIDTERM 1 LATEST EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

BHSC 1200 MIDTERM 1 LATEST EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS define anatomy and physiology Correct Answer anatomy: science of body structures and the relationships among them physiology: science of body function describe the structural organization of the human body from simplest to most complex Correct Answer 1) chemical: atoms and molecules 2) cellular: molecules combine to form cells 3) tissue: groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function 4) organ: structures composed of two or more different types of tissues; have specific functions and recognizable shapes 5) system: related organs with a common function 6) organismal: all parts of the human body functioning together define homeostasis Correct Answer -maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the body's internal environment -maintains volume and composition of body fluids define homeostatic feedback system Correct Answer cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated, and so on describe components of homeostatic feedback system Correct Answer 1) receptor: body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input to a control centre 2) control centre: sets the set point within which a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates the input it receives from receptors, & generates output commands when they are needed 3) effector: body structure that received output from the control centre and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled conditions describe and provide an example of a negative feedback system Correct Answer -the response of the effector negates the stimulus; body is brought back into homeostasis; normal range is achieved; leads to stability ex/ regulation of blood pressure: stimulus disrupts homeostasis by increasing controlled condition (blood pressure). receptor (baroreceptors) send input (nerve impulse) to control centre (brain). Brain sends output (nerve impulse) to effector (heart and blood vessels) . A response (lower heart rate and dilate blood vessels) occurs which brings blood pressure back to normal range describe and provide an example of a positive feedback system Correct Answer -the response of the effector increases/reinforces change of the stimulus -body is moved away from homeostasis -normal range is lost -used to speed up processes -leads to instability because output becomes progressively stronger as it is fed back and reamplified ex/ contractions during childbirth: stimulus (contractions of uterine wall forcing baby's head into cervix) increases the controlled condition (stretching of cervix). receptors (stretch -sensitive nerve cells in cervix) send input (nerve impulse) to the control centre (brain). Brain sends output (oxytocin) to effectors (muscles in uterine wall contract) causing a response (body stretches cervix more). Response increases stimulus until cycle is interrupted (baby is born) describe anatomical position Correct Answer -standing erect -head level, eyes forward -lower limbs are parallel, feet flat on floor and toes facing forward -upper limbs are at the sides, palms facing forward superior/inferior Correct Answer superior: toward the head or upper part of a structure inferior: away from the head or lower part of a structure anterior/posterior Correct Answer anterior: nearer to or at the front of the body posterior: nearer to or at the back of the body medial/lateral Correct Answer medial: nearer to the midline lateral: farther from the midline ipsilateral/contralateral Correct Answer ipsilateral: on the same side of the body as another structure contralateral: on the opposite side of the body as another structure proximal/distal Correct Answer proximal: nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk distal: farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk