Child Development Chapter 4
Describe sex differences in body growth and proportions during middle childhood. - correct
answer-Girls gain more fat and boys gain more muscle.
Discuss factors that account for differences in physical size among children around the
world. - correct answer-Lack of protein, don't have as much food,
Briefly summarise changes in the brain during middle childhood. - correct answer-The brain
grows to 90% of its adult size in middle childhood.
Summarise the lifelong health problems (physical and psychological) associated with
obesity. - correct answer-They are more at risk for diseases and health problems, they are
more prone to depression and are likely to live a low quality life.
Describe factors at all levels of Bronfenbrenner's model that could be contributing to the rise
of obesity in our country, and potential ways to address some of these factors at each level. -
correct answer-Micro-parents, schools neighborhoods . Meso- if parents fight and then have
to cook dinner they may just order food instead . Exo-media, Macro- culture (wyoming kids
go outside unless it is below zero in D.C. kids don't go outside if it is below 32)
Discuss the most effective interventions for treating obesity. - correct answer-Therapy,
providing knowledge for why being overweight is bad, having healthier food options in
schools and restaurants.
What is IDEA and how does it affect education? How are children with disabilities typically
evaluated for eligibility under IDEA? - correct answer-IDEA lists different disability categories
under which a child may be eligible for special education and related services. There are
certain evaluation tests they do to see if a child has a disability that qualifies them for IDEA
What is an IEP and how does it factor into educating children who qualify for IDEA? - correct
answer-An IEP is an individualized education program if children qualify for IDEA then they
can get an IEP which gives them extra help in school.
Describe gains in gross and fine motor skills during middle childhood. - correct
answer-Gross: flexibility increases, balance improves, agility improves, gains in force Fine:
6yrs - print basics 1st/2nd grade - writing improves 3rd grade - cursive
Summarize sex differences in motor skills, and explain how environmental factors contribute
to these differences. - correct answer-Boys have more energy and do more tackling for
rough and tumble play while girls don't have as much energy and they chase each other for
rough and tumble play. Environmental factors contribute to these differences because boys
are more likely to play outside and girls are more likely to stay inside.
Summarize the advantages and criticisms of youth sports. What should parents and coaches
do (and not do) to ensure youth sports are positive experiences for children? - correct
, answer-Good if: builds on interests and abilities, child drives the choice to play it, limit
frequency and length of practice, involve children in the decision-making Parents and
coaches: emphasize enjoyment, improvement(not unhealthy competition
Describe sex differences in rough-and-tumble play. - correct answer-Boys-tackling/wrestling
Girls-chasing
List three benefits of exercise in childhood. - correct answer-Controls weight, helps
strengthen bones and muscles, and it strengthens the heart
What is Piaget's stage for middle childhood? What do these terms mean and how do they fit
into this stage: decentration, reversibility, classification, seriation, transitive inference, and
spatial reasoning? - correct answer-Concrete Operational Stage (7-11): children can pass
centration. Decentration means they don't just think about one thing anymore. Revesibilty is
they can reverse ideas in their mind. Children have both of theses things in this stage.
Seriation is the ability to put things in order and transitive inference is having seriate
mentally. Children also have spatial reasoning at this age.
Describe how culture and schooling contribute to children's mastery of conservation and
other Piagetian tasks. - correct answer-The experience of going to school seems to promote
mastery of Piaget tasks. When children of the same age are tested, those who have been in
school longer do better on transitive inference problems
Brazilian 6 to 9-year-old the street vendors, who seldom attend school, do poorly on Piaget
class inclusion task but they perform much better than economically advantage school
children on versions relevant to street vending
Discuss what we think today about Piaget's concrete operational stage. - correct
answer-Piaget saw development as universal, cultural practices influence tasks, and school
experience promotes mastery
Discuss two ways in which brain development contributes to changes in information
processing. - correct answer-Brain development leads to... 1) Increase in
information-processing speed and capacity 2) Gains in inhibition
Discuss three ways in which attention changes during middle childhood. - correct
answer-Attention becomes: selective, adaptable, and planful
Discuss the 3 core features of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and proposed
causes. What are some of the issues surrounding the diagnosis of ADHD? - correct
answer-CORE FEATURES:
1)Decreased Attention (not selective or sustained)
2)Hyperactivity (must be everywhere, can't inhibit)
3)Impulsivity (can't plan, inhibit behavior)
CAUSES: heritable, brain structures, teratogens (smoking)
ISSUES: over diagnosed, onset for symptoms is about 2-3 years, diagnosis needs to be
multifaceted, can't be diagnosed by a doctor,
Describe sex differences in body growth and proportions during middle childhood. - correct
answer-Girls gain more fat and boys gain more muscle.
Discuss factors that account for differences in physical size among children around the
world. - correct answer-Lack of protein, don't have as much food,
Briefly summarise changes in the brain during middle childhood. - correct answer-The brain
grows to 90% of its adult size in middle childhood.
Summarise the lifelong health problems (physical and psychological) associated with
obesity. - correct answer-They are more at risk for diseases and health problems, they are
more prone to depression and are likely to live a low quality life.
Describe factors at all levels of Bronfenbrenner's model that could be contributing to the rise
of obesity in our country, and potential ways to address some of these factors at each level. -
correct answer-Micro-parents, schools neighborhoods . Meso- if parents fight and then have
to cook dinner they may just order food instead . Exo-media, Macro- culture (wyoming kids
go outside unless it is below zero in D.C. kids don't go outside if it is below 32)
Discuss the most effective interventions for treating obesity. - correct answer-Therapy,
providing knowledge for why being overweight is bad, having healthier food options in
schools and restaurants.
What is IDEA and how does it affect education? How are children with disabilities typically
evaluated for eligibility under IDEA? - correct answer-IDEA lists different disability categories
under which a child may be eligible for special education and related services. There are
certain evaluation tests they do to see if a child has a disability that qualifies them for IDEA
What is an IEP and how does it factor into educating children who qualify for IDEA? - correct
answer-An IEP is an individualized education program if children qualify for IDEA then they
can get an IEP which gives them extra help in school.
Describe gains in gross and fine motor skills during middle childhood. - correct
answer-Gross: flexibility increases, balance improves, agility improves, gains in force Fine:
6yrs - print basics 1st/2nd grade - writing improves 3rd grade - cursive
Summarize sex differences in motor skills, and explain how environmental factors contribute
to these differences. - correct answer-Boys have more energy and do more tackling for
rough and tumble play while girls don't have as much energy and they chase each other for
rough and tumble play. Environmental factors contribute to these differences because boys
are more likely to play outside and girls are more likely to stay inside.
Summarize the advantages and criticisms of youth sports. What should parents and coaches
do (and not do) to ensure youth sports are positive experiences for children? - correct
, answer-Good if: builds on interests and abilities, child drives the choice to play it, limit
frequency and length of practice, involve children in the decision-making Parents and
coaches: emphasize enjoyment, improvement(not unhealthy competition
Describe sex differences in rough-and-tumble play. - correct answer-Boys-tackling/wrestling
Girls-chasing
List three benefits of exercise in childhood. - correct answer-Controls weight, helps
strengthen bones and muscles, and it strengthens the heart
What is Piaget's stage for middle childhood? What do these terms mean and how do they fit
into this stage: decentration, reversibility, classification, seriation, transitive inference, and
spatial reasoning? - correct answer-Concrete Operational Stage (7-11): children can pass
centration. Decentration means they don't just think about one thing anymore. Revesibilty is
they can reverse ideas in their mind. Children have both of theses things in this stage.
Seriation is the ability to put things in order and transitive inference is having seriate
mentally. Children also have spatial reasoning at this age.
Describe how culture and schooling contribute to children's mastery of conservation and
other Piagetian tasks. - correct answer-The experience of going to school seems to promote
mastery of Piaget tasks. When children of the same age are tested, those who have been in
school longer do better on transitive inference problems
Brazilian 6 to 9-year-old the street vendors, who seldom attend school, do poorly on Piaget
class inclusion task but they perform much better than economically advantage school
children on versions relevant to street vending
Discuss what we think today about Piaget's concrete operational stage. - correct
answer-Piaget saw development as universal, cultural practices influence tasks, and school
experience promotes mastery
Discuss two ways in which brain development contributes to changes in information
processing. - correct answer-Brain development leads to... 1) Increase in
information-processing speed and capacity 2) Gains in inhibition
Discuss three ways in which attention changes during middle childhood. - correct
answer-Attention becomes: selective, adaptable, and planful
Discuss the 3 core features of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and proposed
causes. What are some of the issues surrounding the diagnosis of ADHD? - correct
answer-CORE FEATURES:
1)Decreased Attention (not selective or sustained)
2)Hyperactivity (must be everywhere, can't inhibit)
3)Impulsivity (can't plan, inhibit behavior)
CAUSES: heritable, brain structures, teratogens (smoking)
ISSUES: over diagnosed, onset for symptoms is about 2-3 years, diagnosis needs to be
multifaceted, can't be diagnosed by a doctor,
