Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501 Walden University
1. Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis: A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for
muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle perfor-mance?
2. Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.: What causes the rapid change in the
resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?
3. Answer: XXY: A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His
karyotype would reveal which of the following?
4. Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease: A nurseis
reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?
5. Answer: Expressivity: An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibro-matosis
will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain
to the aide?
6. Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which
reduces its ability to carry oxygen.: In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which
information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol?
7. Answer: Autosomal recessive: When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis,how
should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an gene
8. Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase): How are potassiumand
sodium transported across plasma membranes?
9. Answer: Sodium: The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant
extracellular cation as:
10. Answer: Reduced protein synthesis: The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's
endoplasmic reticulum results in:
11. Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed
to result from cell injury.: What principle should the nurse rememberwhen trying to
distinguish aging from diseases?
12. Answer: Turner syndrome: What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female whohas a
karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X
chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spacednipples, reduced
carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.
13. Answer: Nucleolus: A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which
region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained?
14. Answer: Maternal nondisjunction: The nurse is teaching staff about the most
common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse describing?
15. Answer: Delayed age of onset: A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosedwith
Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with:
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, Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501 Walden University
16. Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35: A patient wants to know the riskfactors
for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response?
17. Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development: What isthe role
of cytokines in cell reproduction?
18. Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylala- nine):
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance.
Which finding will support this diagnosis?
19. Answer: Decreased ATP production: Sodium and water accumulation in aninjured
cell are a direct result of:
20. Answer: Plasma proteins: A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncoticpressure.
The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
21. Answer: Symport: The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultane-ously in
the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport?
22. Answer: Tetraploidy: A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child.
Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy
report to describe this condition?
23. Answer: Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to
potassium: Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?
24. A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less productivethan
normal, does not produce enough T3 and T4: Hypothyroidism
25. Diagnosing hypo/hyperthyroidism T3/T4 = thyroid. TSH = Pituitary.
T3/T4 abnormality = problem with THYROID.
T3/T4 normal + TSH abnormal = Secondary thyroid problem
If too much T3/T4, then TSH will be down. Vice Versa.: T3, T4, TSH
26. parathyroid glands responsible for regulating levels.: calcium
27. Thyroid produces hormones T3, T4, and plays big role in , regulation
and growth and development: metabolism, temperature
28. Brain cannot make T3 and T4 without : iodine
29. hypothyroidism everything .
stimulates sympathetic nervous system, drowsy, lethargic
constipated, food move slows, weight gain
body temp increases: slows
30. excessive activity of the thyroid gland: increased levels of T3, T4 andTSH:
Hyperthyroidism
31. Hyperthyroidism:
burning calories at an excessive rate
2/6
1. Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis: A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for
muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle perfor-mance?
2. Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.: What causes the rapid change in the
resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?
3. Answer: XXY: A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His
karyotype would reveal which of the following?
4. Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease: A nurseis
reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?
5. Answer: Expressivity: An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibro-matosis
will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain
to the aide?
6. Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which
reduces its ability to carry oxygen.: In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which
information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol?
7. Answer: Autosomal recessive: When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis,how
should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an gene
8. Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase): How are potassiumand
sodium transported across plasma membranes?
9. Answer: Sodium: The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant
extracellular cation as:
10. Answer: Reduced protein synthesis: The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's
endoplasmic reticulum results in:
11. Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed
to result from cell injury.: What principle should the nurse rememberwhen trying to
distinguish aging from diseases?
12. Answer: Turner syndrome: What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female whohas a
karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X
chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spacednipples, reduced
carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.
13. Answer: Nucleolus: A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which
region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained?
14. Answer: Maternal nondisjunction: The nurse is teaching staff about the most
common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse describing?
15. Answer: Delayed age of onset: A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosedwith
Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with:
1/6
, Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501 Walden University
16. Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35: A patient wants to know the riskfactors
for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response?
17. Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development: What isthe role
of cytokines in cell reproduction?
18. Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylala- nine):
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance.
Which finding will support this diagnosis?
19. Answer: Decreased ATP production: Sodium and water accumulation in aninjured
cell are a direct result of:
20. Answer: Plasma proteins: A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncoticpressure.
The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
21. Answer: Symport: The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultane-ously in
the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport?
22. Answer: Tetraploidy: A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child.
Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy
report to describe this condition?
23. Answer: Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to
potassium: Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?
24. A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less productivethan
normal, does not produce enough T3 and T4: Hypothyroidism
25. Diagnosing hypo/hyperthyroidism T3/T4 = thyroid. TSH = Pituitary.
T3/T4 abnormality = problem with THYROID.
T3/T4 normal + TSH abnormal = Secondary thyroid problem
If too much T3/T4, then TSH will be down. Vice Versa.: T3, T4, TSH
26. parathyroid glands responsible for regulating levels.: calcium
27. Thyroid produces hormones T3, T4, and plays big role in , regulation
and growth and development: metabolism, temperature
28. Brain cannot make T3 and T4 without : iodine
29. hypothyroidism everything .
stimulates sympathetic nervous system, drowsy, lethargic
constipated, food move slows, weight gain
body temp increases: slows
30. excessive activity of the thyroid gland: increased levels of T3, T4 andTSH:
Hyperthyroidism
31. Hyperthyroidism:
burning calories at an excessive rate
2/6
