NUR 451 Exam 1 Study Questions and Correct Answers

Signs and symptoms of anemia? Skin: pallor, cool to touch, when chronic nails become brittle and concave Neuro: fatigue, increased need for sleep, reduced energy levels Cardiovascular: -continuous rapid heartbeat that increases after meals and with activity. -In severe cases, abnormal heart sounds (murmurs and gallops) may be heard -orthostatic hypotension (drop in bp when going from sitting or laying to standing) Respiratory: breathless on exertion, decreased O2 levels, dizziness, chest pain Lab values for anemia in men? Hemoglobin level below 13.5 g/dL hematocrit level below 38.8%. Lab values for anemia in women? Hemoglobin level below 12.0 g/dL hematocrit level below 34.9% What is hematocrit? The percentage of red blood cells in the blood. What is hemoglobin? A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Signs and Symptoms of someone with a bleeding disorder? .Excessive or prolonged bleeding from cuts or injuries ·Easy bruising that may take longer to heal ·Nosebleeds that are difficult to stop ·Bleeding gums ·Heavy or prolonged menstrual periods ·Blood in urine or stool ·Joint pain or swelling = mobility issues ·Headaches or vision changes due to bleeding on the brain ·Weakness or fatigue Signs and symptoms of someone with a clotting disorder? -swelling or pain in the legs: blood clots in the legs can cause swelling or pain which can make it difficult to walk or stand -SOB or chest pain -headache or vision changes: blood clots in the brain can cause headaches, vision changes, or even stroke-like symptoms