EMT CHAPTER 4; SUMMARIZED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

EMT Chapter 4 exam; SUMMARIZED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS -entomb - Answer-to cut out,remove -gram - Answer-image -graph/graph - Answer-recording an image -itis - Answer-inflammation -ology/ologist - Answer-to study -osis - Answer-abnormal condition -ostomy - Answer-to cut into -scopy/scopic - Answer-to look, observe A driver is experiencing __________ neck pain, or pain to the back of her neck, because her neck has forcefully impacted the headrest. - Answer-posterior A left __________ __________ position means that the patient is lying on his left side. It is also is called the recovery position. - Answer-lateral recumbent A patient who is lying down on his abdomen is said to be in the __________ position. - Answer-prone A person who is lying down on her left side is in a(n) ________ position. - Answer-lateral recumbent A person who is lying face up on his back is in a(n) ________ position. - Answer-supine A person who is standing erect, with arms at sides and palms forward, is in a(n) ________ position. - Answer-anatomical A wound to the forearm is distal to the wrist. - Answer-False After air enters the body through the nose and mouth, it passes down the trachea and enters the lungs through the right and left____________ . - Answer-bronchi Anatomically speaking, the elbow is distal to the wrist. - Answer-False Another name for the voice box is the ____________. - Answer-larynx Arterio - Answer-artery Blood vessels are constructed of smooth muscle, which is capable of constricting and ______________. - Answer-dilating Brady - Answer-slow Cardio - Answer-heart Chapter 4 - Answer-Introduction to Medical Terminology, Human Anatomy, and Lifespan Development Chemicals that help to regulate various body systems are called ____________. - Answer-hormones Colo - Answer-large intestine Contrast solid and hollow organs. What is our main concern with each? - Answer-Solid organs fracture when injured; main concern is bleeding. Hollow organs rupture when injured; main concern is infection. Cysto - Answer-bladder Dento - Answer-teeth Dermo - Answer-skin Describe the 8 stages of lifespan development and their common characteristics. - Answer-Neonate/infant (0-1) - sensitive to cold, separation anxiety Toddler (1-3) - learning independence, separation anxiety Preschooler (4-5) - thinking skills, separation anxiety, assess feet head, need reassurance School-age (6-12) - understand the body, literal, can communicate, associate injury with death Adolescent (13-17) - understand the body, wanted to be treated as adults, risk takers, indestructible Early adult (18-40) - peak health, active, largest number of traumatic injury/accident Middle adult (40-60) - mid-life crisis, decrease in senses, grey hair/wrinkles, empty nest Late adult (60-death) - overlapping illness/medications, decline in mobility/senses, decreased pain sensitivity Describe the following positions: supine, prone, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, Trendelenburg, Semi-Fowler's, lateral recumbent/recovery, shock - Answer-Supine - lying on back Prone - lying on belly Medial - toward the midline Lateral - away from the midline Proximal - closer to the torso Distal - away from the torso Superior - closer to the top of the head Inferior - closer to the feet Anterior - front Posterior - back Trendelenburg - supine, feet elevated Semi-Fowler's - sitting up at an angle Lateral recumbent/recovery - side Shock - supine, knees bent Draw and label the 4 abdominal quadrants. - Answer- Encephalo - Answer-brain Entero - Answer-intestine Gastro - Answer-stomach Gingivo - Answer-gums Glosso - Answer-tongue Hemo/emia - Answer-blood Hepato - Answer-liver How many pairs of ribs are directly attached anteriorly to the sternum? - Answer-7 How many vertebrae are in the thoracic section of the vertebral column? - Answer-12 Hyper - Answer-over,above,beyond Hypo - Answer-below, under Hystero - Answer-uterus In the ________________, the patient is standing upright, facing forward with arms down at the sides, with the palms of the hands turned forward. - Answer-anatomical position Internal refers to outside the body, and external refers to inside the body. - Answer-False List the 2 functions of the cardiovascular system. - Answer-deliver blood(oxygen, nutrients ) to the body tissues, remove waste and carbon dioxide from tissues List the 3 functions of the respiratory system. - Answer-Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, Upper airway warms, filters, and moisturizes the air,Minimize the risk of aspiration List the functions of the digestive system. - Answer-Breakdown food and absorb nutrients, eliminate waste List the functions of the integumentary system. - Answer-Protection from pathogens, temperature regulation, sensations, regulate body fluids List the functions of the musculoskeletal system. - Answer-Support and framework for the body, Protection for organs, Blood cell production, Movement List the functions of the nervous system. - Answer-Controls movement, Interpret sensations, Regulate body activities, Generate memory and thought List the functions of the urinary system. - Answer-Remove chemical waste from blood, maintain water/electrolyte balance Masto/mammo - Answer-breast Muscles are attached to bones by: - Answer-tendons. Naso - Answer-nose Nephro/rene - Answer-kidney Neuro - Answer-nerve Oophoro - Answer-ovary Orchido - Answer-testis Oro - Answer-mouth Osteo - Answer-bones Phlebo/veno - Answer-veins Pneumo/pulmo - Answer-lungs Procto - Answer-anus/rectum Proximal means close, or near the point of reference, and ________ means distant, or far away from the point of reference. - Answer-distal Read the scenario. Then complete the chart according to the directions that follow. Late on a hot summer Friday night, you are backing your emergency response vehicle into the station when the dispatcher tells you to respond to the report of a 27-year-old who has gone through a plate glass window at a residence at 529 Miracle Way. You notify dispatch that you are responding and that you have a five-minute ETA. You arrive at the scene and find a party with a group of people tending to the injured person, who has been moved away from the window and who is sitting up. You survey the scene and find it safe. When you make contact with the patient, you observe that he is conscious but that he has numerous cuts over his arms and face. The patient is breathing quickly, but he is talking in full sentences—mostly stating that he is in pain. As you start to provide emergency care, you hear the ambulance radio to dispatch that P - Answer-Respiratory: rapid breathing Circulatory: bleeding and clotting Nervous: pain Integumentary: broken skin (cuts) Endocrine: possibly, depending upon the extent of the trauma and the excitement of the patient Musculoskeletal: possibly, depending upon the force of impact Read the scenario. Then, in the space provided, answer the questions that follow. You and your crew are dispatched to a fall at a home. As you pull up to the one-family house, you size up the scene. The truck for a chimney cleaning service is parked in the driveway. There is scaffolding around a chimney at the east end of the house; at its base two men are kneeling over a third man, who is lying supine on the ground. The scene appears to be safe, so you grab your jump kit and approach. As you do, one of the men runs over to you and tells you that they had been repointing the chimney when Luis lost his footing and fell about 18 feet to the hard ground. Your patient is not conscious when you begin your initial assessment. After determining that he is breathing adequately, you note a large laceration on the left side of his jaw. You observe that an area on the outside of the patient's left arm, just above the elbow, is - Answer-1. Due to the height of the fall (18 feet) and the impact onto a hard surface, assume the possibility that all major body systems may have sustained injuries. 2. The wound is on the lateral surface of the patient's left arm and proximal to the elbow. This injury could also be described as being on the distal portion of the upper arm. 3. The thigh wound is on the anterior surface of the left lower extremity, proximal to the patella (or over the distal part of the upper leg). Rhino - Answer-nose Stomato - Answer-mouth Superficial means toward the surface. - Answer-True Tachy - Answer-rapid The ________ is the major muscle of the respiratory system. - Answer-diaphragm The ____________ are the superior chambers of the heart. - Answer-atria The ____________ blood cells are the ones that fight infection. - Answer-white The ____________ is the movable part of the lower jaw. - Answer-mandible The _______________ is the largest and strongest chamber of the heart and pumps blood out of the heart and to the rest of the body. - Answer-left ventricle The _________________ is made up of the upper and lower extremities and the shoulder and pelvic girdles. - Answer-appendicular skeleton The _________________ refers to the patient lying supine on a firm surface such as a bed or backboard with the foot end higher than the head. - Answer-Trendelenburg position The 12 pairs of ribs are connected to the 12 lumbar vertebrae. - Answer-False The abdominal cavity is divided into: - Answer-quadrants The anatomical name for the collarbone is the ____________. - Answer-clavicle The bladder and rectum are in the abdominal cavity. - Answer-False The brain and the spinal cord are referred to together as the: - Answer-central nervous system. The cervical section of the vertebral column contain 7 individual vertebrae. - Answer-True The cervical spine has ______ vertebrae supporting the head and neck. - Answer-seven (7) The cranial cavity contains the heart. - Answer-False The directions left and right always refer to the Emergency Medical Responder's left and right. - Answer-False The elbow is __________ to the shoulder, or farther away from the torso than the shoulder is. - Answer-distal The inferior chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs is the: - Answer-right ventricle The integumentary system consists of the: - Answer-skin, hair, and nails. The internal female reproductive organs are found in the ________ cavity. - Answer-pelvic The left lateral recumbent position is also known as the recovery position. - Answer-True The left ventricle is responsible for pumping blood to the body. - Answer-True The muscle type that is found in the heart is called ____________ muscle. - Answer-cardiac The opposite of anterior, which refers to the front, is ________, which refers to the back. - Answer-posterior The opposite of superior, or toward the head, is ________, or toward the feet. - Answer-inferior The outermost layer of the skin is called the ____________. - Answer-epidermis The prefix ____________ is used to describe something as below normal or low. - Answer-hypo- The prefix that is used to describe something as being below normal or slow is tachy-. - Answer-False The prefix that means "slower than normal" is: - Answer-brady-. The processes of digestion and absorption of nutrients are completed in the ______________. - Answer-small intestine The radius and ulna make up the shoulder joint. - Answer-False The right atrium is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs. - Answer-False The root __________ refers to the heart. - Answer-cardio The term __________ is used to describe being closer to the torso, such as the elbow's anatomical relation to the wrist. - Answer-proximal The term lateral refers to a position farther away from the midline of the body. - Answer-True The term superior means front and inferior means back. - Answer-False The terms anterior and ventral both mean toward the front. - Answer-True The two bones of the lower leg are the ____________ and the ____________. - Answer-tibia, fibula Thermo - Answer-heat To describe the anatomical position of the head in relation to the chest, you would say, "The head is __________ to the chest." - Answer-superior True ORR - Answer-False Vaso - Answer-blood vessel Vasoconstriction results in a decrease in blood pressure. - Answer-False When describing injuries to a patient, remember that the words right and left always refer to the __________ right and left. - Answer-patient's Wherever two or more bones come together, it is called a _________. - Answer-joint Which of the following is NOT considered part of the endocrine system? - Answer-Gallbladder Which type of muscle is found in blood vessels? - Answer-Involuntary