HTHRHSC 3400 EXAM WITH LATEST UPDATE

HTHRHSC 3400 EXAM WITH LATEST UPDATE Health Frames of Reference - Answer When laypeople imagine health, they usually adopt one of the following frames of reference Health as the Antithesis of Disease - Answer - Antithesis = opposite - Health and disease are bipolar - Measure health through morbidity and mortality - "Healthy" is the norm... is medocrity okay? Health as a Balanced State - Answer - Epidemiological framework - Identify risk factors and aggregates - Balance of factors such as: physical, physiological, psychologica, social, cultural, spiritual, political, economic - Ayurveda - body, mind and spirit Health as Growth - Answer - Grounded in developmental theory - Ongoing process throughout the life span - Life challenges become opportunities for growth - Growth is progressive; determined by lifestyle choices and behaviors at life stages - Growth = achievement of certai cognitive, physiological and psychological competence Health as Functionality - Answer - Capacity to fulfill critical life function: mobility, and skill based tasks - Functionality is seen as the ability to carry out a given task - "Disability" is different ability - Means optimum health is different for every person Health as Goodness of Fit - Answer - Four major determinants of health: 1. Human biology - not very malleable (changeable) 2. Environment - some control but limited by circumstances (living conditions) 3. Health care - availability, accessibility, affordability and adequancy 4. Lifestyle - choices made given a large amount of attention of late - Meeting these factors yeild an ecological model of health Health as Well-Being - Answer - "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being" - WHO - "Everything is alright" (or good) - Many contributors: situations, emotions, beliefs, behaviors, etc. - Humor can be a powerful tool and coping mechanism - Goal-directed continum Health as Empowerment - Answer - Strong link exists between individuals or community's sense of power and health - Perceived degree of life (control and mastery) - Healthy people/communities help themselves (hand up not hand out) - Cultural values are important considerations - Especially important for communities to gain a sense of awareness and concern for the entire community and how working together, they can "move mountains" Envisioning Health - Answer - Many different perspectives (frames of reference) : the way you envision health - Some overlap - Health is dynamic and views of health are dynamic - As health care professionals/health promotion specialists, its imperative we are aware of differing perspectives and protect the entitlement to health for all. Health - Answer - Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absense of disease or infirminity What is health? - Answer Shift away from the basic premise: - Away from the focus on the individual and disease - Toward the whole person - Community - Nation - World Mechanical Model - Answer - Negative definition - absense of disease - Traditional - Curative vs. prevention - Specialists - Pathogenic factors - Perpetuates "sick" role - Role of patient comes in when they are feeling sick, job of the patient to get better - Enter the healthcare system when you are already sick - Focuses on treatment Wellness Model (Social) - Answer - Preventive