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Samenvatting Pijn

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Samenvatting van deel pijn met aanvulling nota's uit de les.

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August 26, 2019
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Written in
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MODULE SOMATISCHE VERPLEEGKUNDE
ANATOMIE, FYSIOLOGIE & PATHOLOGIE
HOOFDSTUK 1: NEUROLOGISCHE AANDOENINGEN
1. ANATOMIE EN FYSIOLOGIE
1.1. ZENUWWEEFSEL
Bestaat uit
• Neuronen = zenuwcellen
– Overbrengen van prikkels
– Bevatten een cellichaam, dendrieten, axon
• (neuro)gliacellen = steuncellen
• Te kennen: cellichaam, dendrieten, axon, tractus (CZS), nervus, cellen van Schwann, oligodendrocyten
(CZS), myelineschede, knoop van Ranvier, synaps, nucleus (CZS) , ganglion, neurotransmitters




1

,1.2 ZENUWSTELSEL
Het willekeurige zenuwstelsel
 Centrale zenuwstelsel
 Perifere zenuwstelsel

Het autonome zenuwstelsel bv. darmperistaltiek, kloppen van hart,…
 Sympathisch zenuwstelsel = fight-or-flight
 Parasympathisch zenuwstelsel = rest-and-digest

1.2.1 CENTRAAL ZENUWSTELSEL
1.2.1.1. DE HERSENEN
A) CEREBRUM = grote hersenen
• Bestaat uit: hemisfeer, corpus callosum, falx cerebri,
tentorium, medulla (witte stof - axonen), cortex (grijze stof
- cellichamen), kwabben (lobi) ® lobus frontalis, lobus
parietalis, lobus temporalis, lobus occipitalis, groeven
(sulci) en windingen (gyri)




2

,Functies en lokalisatie:
 Motorische centra (gyrus precentralis)
 Indeling van cellen dmv Homunculus (= kleine mens) ®
lokalisatie aantasting bepaalt problematiek
 Piramidebaan - kruising thv verlengde merg: Cellen starten
in primaire motorische cortex, gaan verder via
piramidebaan tot in ruggenmerg (1cel) stopt daar en kruist
naar andere kant !! Bv. verlamming linkerzijde vh lichaam
= probleem R in hersenen
 Piramidaal systeem
 Extrapiramidaal systeem: vanuit basale kernen → hersenstam →ruggenmerg
 Derde systeem = evenwicht




 Sensibele centra (gyrus postcentralis)
 Indeling van cellen dmv Homunculus
 Gevoelsprikkels → perifere zenuwen, ruggemerg, hersenstam → thalamus → cortex
 Kruising in ruggemerg of verlengde merg
 Overige centra
 Spraakcentra
o Motorische centra (gyrus precentralis)
o Li. Hemisfeer: begrijpen en produceren van taal
 Centrum van Broca (lobus frontalis) = motorisch spraakcentrum (spraak)
 Centrum van Wernicke (lobus temporalis) = sensorisch spraakcentrum
(begrijpen)




3

,  Visuele cortex
o Prikkels oog (vanvoor) → oogzenuw → visuele
cortex (vanachter)
o Gedeeltelijke kruising




 Auditieve cortex
o Prikkels → gehoorszenuwen → auditieve cortex
o Kruising, maar uitgebreide verbindingen
o Verbindingen tussen auditieve cortex en centrum van Wernicke
 Varia
o Frontale kwabben
 Persoonlijkheid
 Gedrag, stemming
o Pariëtale kwabben
 Hogere hersenfuncties bv. studeren,
fietsen (gnosie, praxie…)
 Limbisch systeem
 Rol in emoties en emotioneel gedrag
 Hypothalamus, bulbus olfactorius, gyrus
parahippocampalis, hippocampus, gyrus cinguli en fornix




4

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