WGU D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides questions and answers 100% guaranteed success.

WGU D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides questions and answers 100% guaranteed success. What dis dthe dprimary ddeterminant dof doncotic dpressure? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dAlbumin Form dof dosmotic dpressure dexerted dby dproteins d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dOncotic dPressure What dis dthe ddifference dbetween dadult dand dchild dimmunity? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dNaive dT dCells Fluid dand delectrolyte dlevels dare dregulated dby d_________________, dwhich dregulates dactions dsuch das dthirst, dADH, dthe dkidneys, dand dRAAS. d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dOsmoreceptors What dare dthe dcauses dof ddehydration? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d d#Excessive dloss #Inadequate dintake #Both What ds/sx dare dassociated dwith ddehydration? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d d#Dry dmucous dmembranes #Decreased dskin dturgor #Decreased durine doutput #Low dblood dpressure #Tachycardia #Weak dheart drate #Confusion A dpatient dwith da dviral dillness dand dsevere dvomiting dhas dan delevated dCO2 dlevel dand dpH dof d7.53. dShe dis dbreathing dslowly. dWhat dcondition ddoes dshe dhave? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dMetabolic dalkalosis The dpatient's dpH dand dCO2 dlevels dare dboth delevated d(moving din dthe dsame ddirection). dThis dindicates dmetabolic dalkalosis. dThe dCO2 dlevel dis dhigh dbecause dher drespiratory dsystem dis dattempting dto dcompensate dfor dthe dhigh dpH dby dexhaling dless dand dretaining dmore dCO2. Normal dCO2 dlevel d- d dcorrect danswer. d d d35-45 Normal dpH dlevel d- d dcorrect danswer. d d d7.35-7.45 Normal dHCO3 dlevel d- d dcorrect danswer. d d d22-26 Michael's dpulmonary dedema dleads dto drespiratory dacidosis. dHow ddoes dpH dimpact dMichael's dbasal dmetabolic dpanel? dChoose d3 danswers. His dCO2 dlevel dis dincreased dbecause dhis dlungs dhave ddifficulty dremoving dit dfrom dthe dbloodstream. His dcalcium dlevel dis dreduced dbecause dthe delevated dconcentration dof dH+ dmakes dit deasier dfor dCa+ dto dbind dto dalbumin. His dCO2 dlevel dis ddecreased dbecause dhis dlungs dhave ddifficulty dadding dit dinto dthe dbloodstream. His dsodium dlevel dis ddecreased ddue dto dhypervolemia. His dK+ dis delevated dbecause, das dH+ dmoves dinside dof dcells din dan dattempt dto dget dit dout dof dthe dbloodstream, dK+ dmoves dfrom dcells dinto dthe dbloodstream. d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dHis dCO2 dlevel dis dincreased dbecause dhis dlungs dhave ddifficulty dremoving dit dfrom dthe dbloodstream. His dsodium dlevel dis ddecreased ddue dto dhypervolemia. His dK+ dis delevated dbecause, das dH+ dmoves dinside dof dcells din dan dattempt dto dget dit dout dof dthe dbloodstream, dK+ dmoves dfrom dcells dinto dthe dbloodstream. A dhormone dpanel dwas ddone don da dpatient dwith dcongestive dheart dfailure dand dfluid dvolume doverload. dWhich delevated dhormone don dthe dpatient's dchart dis dindicative dof dthe dbody's dattempt dto dreduce dthe dfluid doverload? Antidiuretic dhormone d(ADH) Brain dnatriuretic dpeptide d(BNP) Aldosterone Renin d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dBNP BNP dis dreleased dwhen dfluid dvolume dexcess dis dpresent. Normal dsodium dlevel d- d dcorrect danswer. d d d135-145 Hyponatremia dis dindicated dby dwhat dlab dresult? dS/Sx? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dNa d d135 Loss dof denergy dor dfatigue Nausea dand dvomiting Headache Confusion Muscle dspasms Low dblood dpressure Dark dscanty durine Irritability, ddisorientation dand dneurological dmanifestations Seizures Hypernatremia dis dindicated dby dwhat dlab dresult? dS/Sx d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dNa d d145 Excessive dthirst Extreme dfatigue Confusion Muscle dtwitching dor dspasms Restlessness Seizures Normal dpotassium dlevel d- d dcorrect danswer. d d d3.5-5.0 Hypokalemia dis dindicated dby dwhat dlab dresult? dS/Sx d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dK d d3.5 #Muscle dfatigue/cramping #Nausea, dvomiting, dconstipation #Cardiac ddysrhythmias #Paresthesia d(numbness/tingling) Hyperkalemia dis dindicated dby dwhat dlab dresult? dS/Sx? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dK d d5.0 Muscle dweakness/paralysis Paresthesia d(numbness/tingling) Cardiac ddysrhythmias Cardiac darrest/MI Normal dcalcium dlevel d- d dcorrect danswer. d d d8.5-10.5 Hypocalcemia dis dindicated dby dwhat dlab dresult? dS/Sx? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dCalcium d d8.5 Overexcitability dof dthe dmuscles Muscle dtwitching Paresthesia d(numbness/tingling) Chvostek dand dTrousseau dsign d(twitching don dthe dcheek dwhen dtouched) Cardiac ddysrhythmias Hypercalcemia dis dindicated dby dwhat dlab dresult? dS/Sx? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dCalcium d d10.5 Muscle dweakness Loss dof dmuscle dtone Spontaneous dfractures Kidney dstones Cardiac ddysrhythmias Normal dmagnesium dlevel d- d dcorrect danswer. d d d1.6-2.6 Hypomagnesemia dis dindicated dby dwhat dlab dresult? dS/Sx? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dMagnesium dlevel d d1.6 Tremors Hyperreflexia Insomnia Muscle dcramps Irregular dheart dbeat Hypermagnesemia dis dindicated dby dwhat dlab dresult? dS/Sx? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dMagnesium dlevel d d2.6 Hyporeflexia Lethargy Respiratory ddepression N/V Slow/Irregular dheart dbeat Tay-Sachs dDisease d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dAn dautosomal drecessive dinherited dgenetic ddisorder dcaused dby da drecessive dallele d(chromosome d15) dthat dleads dto dthe daccumulation dof dcertain dlipids din dthe dbrain. dSeizures, dblindness, dand ddegeneration dof dmotor dand dmental dperformance dusually dbecome dmanifest da dfew dmonths dafter dbirth, dfollowed dby ddeath dwithin da dfew dyears. Marfan dSyndrome d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dInherited dautosomal ddominant dtrait d(only done dabnormal dcopy dof dthe dMarfan dgene dinherited dfrom done dparent) dFBN1 dgene. dGenetic dconnective dtissue ddisorder dthat dcan daffect daorta dand dheart dvalve dstructures. **If done dparent dhas dMarfan dsyndrome, deach dchild dhas da d50% dchance dof dinheriting dthe dabnormal dgene dand ddeveloping dthe dcondition. dIf dboth dparents dhave dthe dcondition, dthe drisk dof dtheir dchild dinheriting dthe dabnormal dgene dand ddeveloping dMarfan dsyndrome dincreases dto d75%. Turner dSyndrome d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dA dchromosomal ddisorder din dfemales din dwhich deither dan dX dchromosome dis dmissing, dmaking dthe dperson dXO dinstead dof dXX, dor dpart dof done dX dchromosome dis ddeleted. Underdeveloped dovaries d(sterile) Short dstature d(under d4' d7") Amenorrhea Webbing dof dthe dneck Edema Underdeveloped dbreasts/wide dnipples Respiratory drate dincreases dduring dexercise. dHow ddoes dthis dincreased drespiratory drate dallow dthe dbody dto dmaintain da dhomeostatic dpH dlevel? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dThe dincreased dexhalation dof dCO2 dhelps dto dincrease dpH. (The dincreased drespiratory drate dallows dmore dCO2 dto dbe dexhaled. dSince dCO2 dreacts dwith dwater dto dform dcarbonic dacid, dgetting drid dof dmore dCO2 dthrough dincreased drespiration dwill draise dpH) An dICU dpatient's darterial dblood dgas dresults dshow dlow dpH dand dlow dCO2 dlevels. dThe dpatient's drespiratory drate dis dincreased. dWhat dis dthe dname dof dthis dcondition? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dMetabolic dacidosis (Since dthe dpH dis dlow, dand dthe dpH dand dCO2 dare dtrending din dthe dsame ddirection, dthe dcondition dis dmetabolic dacidosis. dThe dlow dCO2 dindicates dthat dCO2 dis dnot dcausing dthe dacidosis. dThe dincreased drespiratory drate dlowers dblood dCO2 din dan dattempt dto dcompensate dfor dthe dmetabolic dacidosis.) Your dpatient dhas dpulmonary dedema, dwhich draises dlevels dof dCO2 din dthe dblood. dWhat dhelps dthe dpatient's dbody dto dcompensate dfor dthis dincrease? The dkidneys dconserve dH+ dand dconserve dHCO3- The dkidneys dexcrete dmore dH+ dand dconserve dHCO3- The dkidneys dconserve dH+ dand dexcrete dmore dHCO3- The dkidneys dexcrete dmore dH+ dand dexcrete dmore dHCO3- d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dThe dkidneys dexcrete dmore dH+ dand dconserve dHCO3- (The dincreased dCO2 dlevel dwill dgenerate dmore dcarbonic dacid. dThe dbody dmust dcompensate dfor dthe ddecreased dpH. dExcreting dmore dH+ dand dconserving dHCO3- dwill dboth dhelp dto dincrease dpH.) Heberden dand dBouchard's dnodes dare dindicative dof dwhat ddisease dprocess? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dOsteoarthritis You dreceive da dpatient dwho dhas dexperienced da dburn don dthe dright dleg. dThe dburn dhas dsmall dblisters, dis dmarkedly dpinkish dred, dand dhas da dshiny dand dmoist dappearance. dWhen dthe dpatient dis dasked dabout dpain dlevel, dthe dpatient ddescribes dit das dsevere. What dlevel dof dburn ddoes dthis dpatient dpresent? Superficial dthickness d/ dPartial dor dintermediate dthickness d/ dFull dThickness d/ dFourth dDegree d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dSecond dDegree d(partial dthickness) Second ddegree: dPartial dthickness dburns dcan dbe deither dsuperficial dpartial dthickness dor ddeep dpartial dthickness, ddepending don dthe ddegree dof dtissue dnecrosis dof dthe ddermal dlayer. dThese dburns dcan dchar dthe depidermis dand dpapillary ddermal dlayer, dwith dresultant dedema dand dformation dof depidermal dblisters. dBurned dskin dis dwet, draw, dand dpink dor dcherry dred din dcolor dthat dblanches dwith dpressure. Identify ddegrees dof dburn, dand dother ds/s dto dthat ddegree dburn d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dFirst-degree d(Superficial) dburns daffect donly dthe douter dlayer dof dthe dskin. dThey dcause dpain, dredness, dand dswelling d(no dblistering/scarring). Second-degree d(Partial dor dintermediate dthickness) dburns daffect dboth dthe douter dand dunderlying dlayer dof dskin. dThey dcause dpain, dredness, dswelling, dand dblistering. dPink/Cherry din dcolor dthat dblanches. Third-degree d(Full dthickness) dburns daffect dthe ddeep dlayers dof dskin. dHigh drisk dof dinfection. Fourth-degree dburns dinvolve dmuscle dor dbone. A d56-year-old dfemale dpresents dwith dsuperficial dpartial-thickness dburns dto dthe danterior dhead dand dneck, dfront dand dback dof dthe dleft darm, dfront dof dthe dright darm, dposterior dtrunk, dfront dand dback dof dthe dright dleg, dand dback dof dthe dleft dleg. Calculate dthe dtotal dbody dsurface darea dpercentage dthat dis dburned dusing dthe dRule dof dNines. d- d dcorrect danswer. d d d63% The dRule dof dNines dis da drapid dmethod dused dduring dthe dprehospital dand demergent dphase dof dcare. dThe dbody dis ddivided dinto dregions dthat dpresent d9%, dor dmultiples dof d9, dwith dthe dexception dof dthe dperineum, dwhich dis d1% dof dBSA d(body dsurface darea). dThe dface dand dback dof dthe dhead dare d4.5% deach, dso dthe dentire dhead dis d9%, dthe danterior dand dposterior dportion dof dthe darm dis d9%, dand dthe dtotal dfor deach dleg dis d18%. dAnterior dhead dand dneck d(4.5%), dfront dand dback dof dthe dleft darm d(9%), dfront dof dthe dright darm d(4.5%), dposterior dtrunk d(18%), dfront dand dback dof dthe dright dleg d(18%), dback dof dthe dleft dleg d(9%) dwhich dequals d63%. An dadolescent dmale dpatient dis dbrought dto dthe demergency ddepartment dafter dspending da dlong dday dat dthe dbeach. dThe dpatient's dhead, dneck, dand dtrunk dfrom dthe dwaist dupwards dand dlegs dfrom dthe dknees ddownward dare dbright dred dand dedematous. dThe dpatient dis dcrying dand dreports d8 dout dof d10 don dthe dpain dscale dand dan dinability dto dfind da dcomfortable dposition. What dis dthe dmost dlikely dclassification dof dthis dburn? Superficial dThickness d/ dPartial dor dIntermediate dThickness d/ dFull dThickness d/ dFourth dDegree d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dSuperficial d/ dFirst dDegree dBurn Superficial dburns dare dreddened dand dpainful. Burn dthat drequires dsurgery, dforms dmore dscars dand dare dless dpainful? Superficial dthickness d/ dPartial dor dIntermediate dThickness d/ dFull dThickness d/ d4th dDegree d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dDeep dpartial dthickness d/ dSecond dDegree dBurn -Blisters/weeps -Risk dof dinfection/scarring dincrease dwith ddepth dof dburn Describe dan dintracranial dbleed din dthe depidural dspace d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dTypically dcaused dby da dhead dinjury dand dusually dwith da dskull dfracture. d Occurs dbetween dthe dskull dbone dand dthe doutmost dmembrane dlayer, dthe ddura dmater. d High dpressure dbleeding dis da dprominent dfeature. You dmay dbriefly dlose dconsciousness. Describe dan dintracranial dbleed din dthe dsubdural dspace d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dCollection dof dblood don dthe dsurface dof dyour dbrain. d Typically dcaused dby dyour dhead dmoving drapidly dforward dand dstopping, dsuch das da dcar daccident dor dshaken dbaby dsyndrome. More dcommon din dolder dpeople dand dpeople dwith da dhistory dof dheavy dalcohol duse. Describe dan dintracranial dbleed din dthe dsubarachnoid dspace d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dOccurs dbetween dthe dbrain dand dthe dthin dtissues dthat dcover dthe dbrain. d The dmost dcommon dcause dis dtrauma dbut dit dcan dalso dbe dd/t dthe drupture dof da dmajor dblood dvessel din dthe dbrain d(intracerebral daneurysm). A dsudden, dsharp dheadache dusually dcomes dbefore da dsubarachnoid dhemorrhage. dTypical dsymptoms dalso dinclude dloss dof dconsciousness dand dvomiting. Describe dan dintracranial dbleed din dthe dintracerebral dspace d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dOccurs dinside dthe dbrain. d Not dusually dthe dresult dof dan dinjury. Prominent dwarning dsign dis dthe dsudden donset dof dneurological ddeficits. dSymptoms dprogress dover dminutes dto dhours dand dinclude dheadache, ddifficulty dspeaking, dn/v, ddecreased dconsciousness, dweakness din done dpart dof dthe dbody, dand delevated dblood dpressure. Cerebral dConcussion d(Mild dTraumatic dBrain dInjury) d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dIndividuals dwith dmild dTBI dcan ddevelop dpostconcussive dsyndrome d(PCS), dwhich dincludes dheadaches, dlethargy, dmental ddullness, dand dother dsymptoms dthat dcan dpersist dfor dseveral dmonths dafter da dTBI. Signs dand dsymptoms dof dcerebral dcontusion d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dSevere dheadache, ddizziness, dvomiting, dincreased dsize dof done dpupil, dand dsudden dweakness din dan darm dor dleg. dThe dperson dmay dseem drestless, dagitated, dor dirritable. dOften, dthe dperson dhas dmemory dloss. These dsymptoms dcan dlast dfor dseveral dhours dto dseveral dweeks, ddepending don dthe dseverity dof dthe dinjury. dAs dthe dbrain dtissue dswells, dthe dperson dmay dfeel dincreasingly ddrowsy dor dconfused. Vitals dmay dshow ddecreased dheart drate dand drespirations dand dhypertension, dwhich dare dsigns dof dpressure don dthe dbrainstem. What dis dthe dcause dof dBell's dPalsy? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dUnknown, dbut dthought dto dbe ddue dto dvirus, dor dautoimmunity. Doctors dbelieve dthat dthe dmost dlikely dcause dof dBell's dpalsy din dpregnant dwomen dis dthe dHerpes dvirus. #Cold dsores dand dgenital dherpes d(herpes dsimplex) #Chickenpox dand dshingles d(herpes dzoster) #Infectious dmononucleosis d(Epstein-Barr) #Cytomegalovirus dinfections #Respiratory dillnesses d(adenovirus) #German dmeasles d(rubella) #Mumps d(mumps dvirus) #Flu d(influenza dB) #Hand-foot-and-mouth ddisease d(coxsackievirus) What dare dsigns/symptoms dof dcerebral dedema? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d d# dHeadache # dNeck dpain dor dstiffness # dNausea dor dvomiting # dDizziness # dIrregular dbreathing # dVision dloss dor dchanges # dMemory dloss # dInability dto dwalk # dDifficulty dspeaking # dStupor # dSeizures # dLoss dof dconsciousness What dneuro dconditions dcause dflat demotions dand dsleep ddisturbances? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d d#Alzheimer's #Schizophrenia #Parkinson's ddisease What dare dthe ds/sx dof dParkinson's? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d d#Gait dchanges #Resting dtremor #Increased dmuscle dtone d(rigidity) #Slow dgait/movements d(bradykinesia) What dare dthe ds/sx dof dAmyotrophic dLateral dSclerosis d(Lou dGehrig's ddisease)? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dUpper dmotor dneurons dbecome dsclerotic dand ddie Weakness din dupper dand dlower dextremities, dhead ddrop, dspeech dchanges, ddysphagia. Treatment: dRiluzole d(Rilutek) d- dworks dby dchanging dthe dactivity dof dcertain dnatural dsubstances din dthe dbody dthat daffect dnerves dand dmuscles. What dare dthe ds/sx dof dMultiple dSclerosis? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d d#Episodes dof dmuscle dweakness #Numbness #Blurred dvision #Fatigue What dis dHuntington's dand dwhat dare ds/sx? d- d dcorrect danswer. d d dAutosomal ddominant dinherited ddisorder. S/Sx ddo dnot ddevelop duntil dadulthood dand dinclude dmovement d(spasticity); dchorea d(lack dof dcontrol), dcognitive dfunction, ddepression, dpsychosis, ddementia, ddegeneration dof dneurons.