WGU D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides questions and answers latest top score.

WGU D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides questions and answers latest top score. What sis sthe sprimary sdeterminant sof soncotic spressure? s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sAlbumin Form sof sosmotic spressure sexerted sby sproteins s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sOncotic sPressure What sis sthe sdifference sbetween sadult sand schild simmunity? s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sNaive sT sCells Fluid sand selectrolyte slevels sare sregulated sby s_________________, swhich sregulates sactions ssuch sas sthirst, sADH, sthe skidneys, sand sRAAS. s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sOsmoreceptors What sare sthe scauses sof sdehydration? s- s scorrect sanswer. s s s#Excessive sloss #Inadequate sintake #Both What ss/sx sare sassociated swith sdehydration? s- s scorrect sanswer. s s s#Dry smucous smembranes #Decreased sskin sturgor #Decreased surine soutput #Low sblood spressure #Tachycardia #Weak sheart srate #Confusion A spatient swith sa sviral sillness sand ssevere svomiting shas san selevated sCO2 slevel sand spH sof s7.53. sShe sis sbreathing sslowly. sWhat scondition sdoes sshe shave? s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sMetabolic salkalosis The spatient's spH sand sCO2 slevels sare sboth selevated s(moving sin sthe ssame sdirection). sThis sindicates smetabolic salkalosis. sThe sCO2 slevel sis shigh sbecause sher srespiratory ssystem sis sattempting sto scompensate sfor sthe shigh spH sby sexhaling sless sand sretaining smore sCO2. Normal sCO2 slevel s- s scorrect sanswer. s s s35-45 Normal spH slevel s- s scorrect sanswer. s s s7.35-7.45 Normal sHCO3 slevel s- s scorrect sanswer. s s s22-26 Michael's spulmonary sedema sleads sto srespiratory sacidosis. sHow sdoes spH simpact sMichael's sbasal smetabolic spanel? sChoose s3 sanswers. His sCO2 slevel sis sincreased sbecause shis slungs shave sdifficulty sremoving sit sfrom sthe sbloodstream. His scalcium slevel sis sreduced sbecause sthe selevated sconcentration sof sH+ smakes sit seasier sfor sCa+ sto sbind sto salbumin. His sCO2 slevel sis sdecreased sbecause shis slungs shave sdifficulty sadding sit sinto sthe sbloodstream. His ssodium slevel sis sdecreased sdue sto shypervolemia. His sK+ sis selevated sbecause, sas sH+ smoves sinside sof scells sin san sattempt sto sget sit sout sof sthe sbloodstream, sK+ smoves sfrom scells sinto sthe sbloodstream. s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sHis sCO2 slevel sis sincreased sbecause shis slungs shave sdifficulty sremoving sit sfrom sthe sbloodstream. His ssodium slevel sis sdecreased sdue sto shypervolemia. His sK+ sis selevated sbecause, sas sH+ smoves sinside sof scells sin san sattempt sto sget sit sout sof sthe sbloodstream, sK+ smoves sfrom scells sinto sthe sbloodstream. A shormone spanel swas sdone son sa spatient swith scongestive sheart sfailure sand sfluid svolume soverload. sWhich selevated shormone son sthe spatient's schart sis sindicative sof sthe sbody's sattempt sto sreduce sthe sfluid soverload? Antidiuretic shormone s(ADH) Brain snatriuretic speptide s(BNP) Aldosterone Renin s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sBNP BNP sis sreleased swhen sfluid svolume sexcess sis spresent. Normal ssodium slevel s- s scorrect sanswer. s s s135-145 Hyponatremia sis sindicated sby swhat slab sresult? sS/Sx? s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sNa s s135 Loss sof senergy sor sfatigue Nausea sand svomiting Headache Confusion Muscle sspasms Low sblood spressure Dark sscanty surine Irritability, sdisorientation sand sneurological smanifestations Seizures Hypernatremia sis sindicated sby swhat slab sresult? sS/Sx s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sNa s s145 Excessive sthirst Extreme sfatigue Confusion Muscle stwitching sor sspasms Restlessness Seizures Normal spotassium slevel s- s scorrect sanswer. s s s3.5-5.0 Hypokalemia sis sindicated sby swhat slab sresult? sS/Sx s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sK s s3.5 #Muscle sfatigue/cramping #Nausea, svomiting, sconstipation #Cardiac sdysrhythmias #Paresthesia s(numbness/tingling) Hyperkalemia sis sindicated sby swhat slab sresult? sS/Sx? s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sK s s5.0 Muscle sweakness/paralysis Paresthesia s(numbness/tingling) Cardiac sdysrhythmias Cardiac sarrest/MI Normal scalcium slevel s- s scorrect sanswer. s s s8.5-10.5 Hypocalcemia sis sindicated sby swhat slab sresult? sS/Sx? s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sCalcium s s8.5 Overexcitability sof sthe smuscles Muscle stwitching Paresthesia s(numbness/tingling) Chvostek sand sTrousseau ssign s(twitching son sthe scheek swhen stouched) Cardiac sdysrhythmias Hypercalcemia sis sindicated sby swhat slab sresult? sS/Sx? s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sCalcium s s10.5 Muscle sweakness Loss sof smuscle stone Spontaneous sfractures Kidney sstones Cardiac sdysrhythmias Normal smagnesium slevel s- s scorrect sanswer. s s s1.6-2.6 Hypomagnesemia sis sindicated sby swhat slab sresult? sS/Sx? s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sMagnesium slevel s s1.6 Tremors Hyperreflexia Insomnia Muscle scramps Irregular sheart sbeat Hypermagnesemia sis sindicated sby swhat slab sresult? sS/Sx? s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sMagnesium slevel s s2.6 Hyporeflexia Lethargy Respiratory sdepression N/V Slow/Irregular sheart sbeat Tay-Sachs sDisease s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sAn sautosomal srecessive sinherited sgenetic sdisorder scaused sby sa srecessive sallele s(chromosome s15) sthat sleads sto sthe saccumulation sof scertain slipids sin sthe sbrain. sSeizures, sblindness, sand sdegeneration sof smotor sand smental sperformance susually sbecome smanifest sa sfew smonths safter sbirth, sfollowed sby sdeath swithin sa sfew syears. Marfan sSyndrome s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sInherited sautosomal sdominant strait s(only sone sabnormal scopy sof sthe sMarfan sgene sinherited sfrom sone sparent) sFBN1 sgene. sGenetic sconnective stissue sdisorder sthat scan saffect saorta sand sheart svalve sstructures. **If sone sparent shas sMarfan ssyndrome, seach schild shas sa s50% schance sof sinheriting sthe sabnormal sgene sand sdeveloping sthe scondition. sIf sboth sparents shave sthe scondition, sthe srisk sof stheir schild sinheriting sthe sabnormal sgene sand sdeveloping sMarfan ssyndrome sincreases sto s75%. Turner sSyndrome s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sA schromosomal sdisorder sin sfemales sin swhich seither san sX schromosome sis smissing, smaking sthe sperson sXO sinstead sof sXX, sor spart sof sone sX schromosome sis sdeleted. Underdeveloped sovaries s(sterile) Short sstature s(under s4' s7") Amenorrhea Webbing sof sthe sneck Edema Underdeveloped sbreasts/wide snipples Respiratory srate sincreases sduring sexercise. sHow sdoes sthis sincreased srespiratory srate sallow sthe sbody sto smaintain sa shomeostatic spH slevel? s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sThe sincreased sexhalation sof sCO2 shelps sto sincrease spH. (The sincreased srespiratory srate sallows smore sCO2 sto sbe sexhaled. sSince sCO2 sreacts swith swater sto sform scarbonic sacid, sgetting srid sof smore sCO2 sthrough sincreased srespiration swill sraise spH) An sICU spatient's sarterial sblood sgas sresults sshow slow spH sand slow sCO2 slevels. sThe spatient's srespiratory srate sis sincreased. sWhat sis sthe sname sof sthis scondition? s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sMetabolic sacidosis (Since sthe spH sis slow, sand sthe spH sand sCO2 sare strending sin sthe ssame sdirection, sthe scondition sis smetabolic sacidosis. sThe slow sCO2 sindicates sthat sCO2 sis snot scausing sthe sacidosis. sThe sincreased srespiratory srate slowers sblood sCO2 sin san sattempt sto scompensate sfor sthe smetabolic sacidosis.) Your spatient shas spulmonary sedema, swhich sraises slevels sof sCO2 sin sthe sblood. sWhat shelps sthe spatient's sbody sto scompensate sfor sthis sincrease? The skidneys sconserve sH+ sand sconserve sHCO3- The skidneys sexcrete smore sH+ sand sconserve sHCO3- The skidneys sconserve sH+ sand sexcrete smore sHCO3- The skidneys sexcrete smore sH+ sand sexcrete smore sHCO3- s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sThe skidneys sexcrete smore sH+ sand sconserve sHCO3- (The sincreased sCO2 slevel swill sgenerate smore scarbonic sacid. sThe sbody smust scompensate sfor sthe sdecreased spH. sExcreting smore sH+ sand sconserving sHCO3- swill sboth shelp sto sincrease spH.) Heberden sand sBouchard's snodes sare sindicative sof swhat sdisease sprocess? s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sOsteoarthritis You sreceive sa spatient swho shas sexperienced sa sburn son sthe sright sleg. sThe sburn shas ssmall sblisters, sis smarkedly spinkish sred, sand shas sa sshiny sand smoist sappearance. sWhen sthe spatient sis sasked sabout spain slevel, sthe spatient sdescribes sit sas ssevere. What slevel sof sburn sdoes sthis spatient spresent? Superficial sthickness s/ sPartial sor sintermediate sthickness s/ sFull sThickness s/ sFourth sDegree s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sSecond sDegree s(partial sthickness) Second sdegree: sPartial sthickness sburns scan sbe seither ssuperficial spartial sthickness sor sdeep spartial sthickness, sdepending son sthe sdegree sof stissue snecrosis sof sthe sdermal slayer. sThese sburns scan schar sthe sepidermis sand spapillary sdermal slayer, swith sresultant sedema sand sformation sof sepidermal sblisters. sBurned sskin sis swet, sraw, sand spink sor scherry sred sin scolor sthat sblanches swith spressure. Identify sdegrees sof sburn, sand sother ss/s sto sthat sdegree sburn s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sFirst-degree s(Superficial) sburns saffect sonly sthe souter slayer sof sthe sskin. sThey scause spain, sredness, sand sswelling s(no sblistering/scarring). Second-degree s(Partial sor sintermediate sthickness) sburns saffect sboth sthe souter sand sunderlying slayer sof sskin. sThey scause spain, sredness, sswelling, sand sblistering. sPink/Cherry sin scolor sthat sblanches. Third-degree s(Full sthickness) sburns saffect sthe sdeep slayers sof sskin. sHigh srisk sof sinfection. Fourth-degree sburns sinvolve smuscle sor sbone. A s56-year-old sfemale spresents swith ssuperficial spartial-thickness sburns sto sthe santerior shead sand sneck, sfront sand sback sof sthe sleft sarm, sfront sof sthe sright sarm, sposterior strunk, sfront sand sback sof sthe sright sleg, sand sback sof sthe sleft sleg. Calculate sthe stotal sbody ssurface sarea spercentage sthat sis sburned susing sthe sRule sof sNines. s- s scorrect sanswer. s s s63% The sRule sof sNines sis sa srapid smethod sused sduring sthe sprehospital sand semergent sphase sof scare. sThe sbody sis sdivided sinto sregions sthat spresent s9%, sor smultiples sof s9, swith sthe sexception sof sthe sperineum, swhich sis s1% sof sBSA s(body ssurface sarea). sThe sface sand sback sof sthe shead sare s4.5% seach, sso sthe sentire shead sis s9%, sthe santerior sand sposterior sportion sof sthe sarm sis s9%, sand sthe stotal sfor seach sleg sis s18%. sAnterior shead sand sneck s(4.5%), sfront sand sback sof sthe sleft sarm s(9%), sfront sof sthe sright sarm s(4.5%), sposterior strunk s(18%), sfront sand sback sof sthe sright sleg s(18%), sback sof sthe sleft sleg s(9%) swhich sequals s63%. An sadolescent smale spatient sis sbrought sto sthe semergency sdepartment safter sspending sa slong sday sat sthe sbeach. sThe spatient's shead, sneck, sand strunk sfrom sthe swaist supwards sand slegs sfrom sthe sknees sdownward sare sbright sred sand sedematous. sThe spatient sis scrying sand sreports s8 sout sof s10 son sthe spain sscale sand san sinability sto sfind sa scomfortable sposition. What sis sthe smost slikely sclassification sof sthis sburn? Superficial sThickness s/ sPartial sor sIntermediate sThickness s/ sFull sThickness s/ sFourth sDegree s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sSuperficial s/ sFirst sDegree sBurn Superficial sburns sare sreddened sand spainful. Burn sthat srequires ssurgery, sforms smore sscars sand sare sless spainful? Superficial sthickness s/ sPartial sor sIntermediate sThickness s/ sFull sThickness s/ s4th sDegree s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sDeep spartial sthickness s/ sSecond sDegree sBurn -Blisters/weeps -Risk sof sinfection/scarring sincrease swith sdepth sof sburn Describe san sintracranial sbleed sin sthe sepidural sspace s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sTypically scaused sby sa shead sinjury sand susually swith sa sskull sfracture. s Occurs sbetween sthe sskull sbone sand sthe soutmost smembrane slayer, sthe sdura smater. s High spressure sbleeding sis sa sprominent sfeature. You smay sbriefly slose sconsciousness. Describe san sintracranial sbleed sin sthe ssubdural sspace s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sCollection sof sblood son sthe ssurface sof syour sbrain. s Typically scaused sby syour shead smoving srapidly sforward sand sstopping, ssuch sas sa scar saccident sor sshaken sbaby ssyndrome. More scommon sin solder speople sand speople swith sa shistory sof sheavy salcohol suse. Describe san sintracranial sbleed sin sthe ssubarachnoid sspace s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sOccurs sbetween sthe sbrain sand sthe sthin stissues sthat scover sthe sbrain. s The smost scommon scause sis strauma sbut sit scan salso sbe sd/t sthe srupture sof sa smajor sblood svessel sin sthe sbrain s(intracerebral saneurysm). A ssudden, ssharp sheadache susually scomes sbefore sa ssubarachnoid shemorrhage. sTypical ssymptoms salso sinclude sloss sof sconsciousness sand svomiting. Describe san sintracranial sbleed sin sthe sintracerebral sspace s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sOccurs sinside sthe sbrain. s Not susually sthe sresult sof san sinjury. Prominent swarning ssign sis sthe ssudden sonset sof sneurological sdeficits. sSymptoms sprogress sover sminutes sto shours sand sinclude sheadache, sdifficulty sspeaking, sn/v, sdecreased sconsciousness, sweakness sin sone spart sof sthe sbody, sand selevated sblood spressure. Cerebral sConcussion s(Mild sTraumatic sBrain sInjury) s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sIndividuals swith smild sTBI scan sdevelop spostconcussive ssyndrome s(PCS), swhich sincludes sheadaches, slethargy, smental sdullness, sand sother ssymptoms sthat scan spersist sfor sseveral smonths safter sa sTBI. Signs sand ssymptoms sof scerebral scontusion s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sSevere sheadache, sdizziness, svomiting, sincreased ssize sof sone spupil, sand ssudden sweakness sin san sarm sor sleg. sThe sperson smay sseem srestless, sagitated, sor sirritable. sOften, sthe sperson shas smemory sloss. These ssymptoms scan slast sfor sseveral shours sto sseveral sweeks, sdepending son sthe sseverity sof sthe sinjury. sAs sthe sbrain stissue sswells, sthe sperson smay sfeel sincreasingly sdrowsy sor sconfused. Vitals smay sshow sdecreased sheart srate sand srespirations sand shypertension, swhich sare ssigns sof spressure son sthe sbrainstem. What sis sthe scause sof sBell's sPalsy? s- s scorrect sanswer. s s sUnknown, sbut sthought sto sbe sdue sto svirus, sor sautoimmunity. Doctors sbelieve sthat sthe smost slikely scause sof sBell's spalsy sin spregnant swomen sis sthe sHerpes svirus. #Cold ssores sand sgenital sherpes s(herpes ssimplex) #Chickenpox sand sshingles s(herpes szoster) #Infectious smononucleosis s(Epstein-Barr) #Cytomegalovirus sinfections