GMS6402 Pulmonary Final 2024│Questions & Answers with complete solution

GMS6402 Pulmonary Final 2024│Questions & Answers with complete solution A 70 year-old man is complaining of severe nausea. He has had problems with peptic ulcer disease and has been having similar pain for the past two weeks. Rather than seeing a physician, he opted to self medicate. Over the past week, he has been consuming large quantities of TUMS (calcium carbonate), an over the counter antacid. While breathing room air, an arterial blood sample is drawn and reveals the following: pH = 7.48, PaCO2 = 49 mm Hg, PaO2 = 68 mm Hg, HCO3− 35 mEq/L, Na+ = 139 mEq/L, K+ = 4 mEq/L, Cl− = 96 mEq/L, and glucose = 387 mg/dL. The most likely explanation for the observed hypoxemia is - hypoventilation that is secondary to a metabolic alkalosis A 74 year old moderately dehydrated man was admitted with a two day history of acute severe diarrhea. ABGs are as follows, pH = 7.31, PaCO2 = 33 mmHg, PaO2 = 98 mm Hg, and HCO3- = 16 mM. The most likely diagnosis is - metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation A 74 year old moderately dehydrated man was admitted with a two day history of acute severe diarrhea. ABGs are as follows, pH = 7.31, PaCO2 = 33 mmHg, PaO2 = 98 mm Hg, and HCO3- = 16 mM. The most likely diagnosis is - metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation A blood gas analysis is performed on a patient and the following values are observed: Partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood = 60 mm Hg; the oxygen content = 18 mls O2/dL of blood. Assuming that all else is normal, what is the percent hemoglobin saturation of this patient? - 90% A lung compliance test indicates that a 3 cm H2O change in thanspulmonary pressure generates a 0.9 L change in lung volume. What is this patient's lung compliance? - 0.3 L air/cm H2O A patient begins to hyperventilate while sitting in a clinic on Miami Beach and breathing room air. Over the ensuing 1 minute, his PACO2 drops to 20 mm Hg. What is his PaO2 at that moment in time? - 125 mmHg A patient begins to hyperventilate while sitting in a clinic on Miami Beach and breathing room air. Over the ensuing 1 minute, his PACO2 drops to 20 mm Hg. What is his PaO2 at that moment in time? - 125 mmHg A patient performs an expiratory forced vital capacity maneuver. His FVC is 2 liters and his FEV1 is 1 liter. Based on your knowledge of these numbers you would predict that this person suffers from - an obstructive lung disease A patient's arterial blood gas indicates that her PaCO2 in 55 mm Hg. What can you conclude about her ventilation state? - she is hypoventilating A post-operative patient is still unconscious, but is receiving supplemental oxygen via a mask device. An ABG indicates that pH = 7.31, PaO2 = 155 mm Hg, PaCO2 = 82 mm Hg, and HCO3- = 26 mEq/L. Which of the following statements is FALSE? -patient is acidotic -HCO3- is normal -PaCO2 is elevated -ventilation is sufficient given that PaO2 = 155 mmHg - ventilation is sufficient given that PaO2 = 155 mmHg According to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, if PaCO2 decreases to 20 mm Hg, then arterial pH will - increase, 7.70 Airway resistance across a set of airways is lowest under which of the following conditions? -airway radius is large and the length of the tube is large -airway radius is large and the length of the tube is small -airway radius is small and airways are in series. -airway radius is small and airways are in parallel. -airway radius is large and gas viscosity is increased - airway radius is large and the length of the tube is small All of the following can be measured via spirometry EXCEPT: tidal volume, vital capacity, functional residual capacity, inspiratory capacity, expiratory reserve volume - Functional residual capacity An arterial blood gas is ordered and the following values are obtained; Hb = 17 g/dL, hemoglobin saturation = 100%, and PaO2 = 200 mm Hg. What is the content of total oxygen in the arterial blood sample? - 23.38 mLs O2/dL blood Are PaO2 levels higher or lower with hypoxemia? - lower, high levels of CO2 Are the peripheral necessary to detect CO2? - No, central chemoreceptor has same degree of effect alone as when working simultaneously with peripheral chemoreceptor Arterial blood gas values are as follows; pH = 7.30 PaO2 = 60 mm Hg