PSYC 375 Exam 2024 Questions & Answers with complete solution

PSYC 375 Exam 2024 Questions & Answers with complete solution According to Abraham Maslow (), what were the features of self-actualized people? perceive reality accurately and fully, demonstrate acceptance of themselves and others, they exhibit spontaneity and naturalness, need for privacy, indecent of their environment and culture, continuous freshness of appreciation, period mystic or peak experiences, concerned about all humans, have a few friends, strong ethical sense though not always conventional, well developed sense of humour, creative According to George Armitage Miller (), when did modern cognitive psychology begin? It began during another symposium on information theory sponsored by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on September 10-12, 1956. It did much to bring the terminology and concepts of information theory and cybernetics into psychology According to Sigmund Freud, how does the ego deal with neurotic & moral anxiety? must use ego defence mechanisms According to Sigmund Freud, how does the ego deal with objective anxiety? deal effectively with the physical environment According to Sigmund Freud, what 2 anal character types can occur if you experience fixation during the anal stage? (1) anal-expulsive character: early fixation, such a person tends to be generous, messy, or wasteful. In the latter part of the anal stage, after toilet training occurs, pleasure comes from being able to withhold feces (2) anal-retentive character: later fixation, such an adult tends to be a collector and to be stingy, orderly, and perfectionistic. According to Sigmund Freud, what 2 oral character types can occur if you experience fixation during the oral stage? (1) oral-incorporative character: early fixation, such a person tends to be a good listener and an excessive eater, drinker, kisser, or smoker; he or she also tends to be dependent and gullible (2) oral-sadistic character: later fixation, such a person is sarcastic, cynical, and generally aggressive According to Sigmund Freud, what are the 7 ego defence mechanisms? (1) repression: fundamental because it includes the others, makes it so ideas only enter consciousness when they are disguised enough not to cause anxiety (2) displacement: replacing an object or a goal that provokes anxiety with one that doesn't. (3) sublimation: then displacement involves substituting a nonsexual goal for a sexual one; considered the basis of civilization because we express our sex desires through sports, art, etc (4) projection: attributing anxiety causing thought to someone or something other than yourself (5) identification: when one feels friustrated and anxious because one hasn't lived up to an internalized value, can borrow someone else's success (6) rationalization: giving a rational or logical bar false reason for a failure or shortcoming (7) reaction formation: when people have the desire to do something that would cause anxiety, they do the opposite of what they want to do According to Sigmund Freud, what happened during the fifth stage of psychosexual development? What was it called? genital stage: puberty until the rest of life, puberty causes sexual desires to be too strong to repress so they begin to manifest in desire for the opposite sex According to Sigmund Freud, what happened during the first stage of psychosexual development? What was it called? oral stage: first year of life, pleasure comes mainly from lips and tongue through sucking, chewing, etc., if over- or undergratification happens, it will cause a fixation and the adult will be an oral person According to Sigmund Freud, what happened during the fourth stage of psychosexual development? What was it called? latency stage: from sixth year til puberty, sexual activity is all but eliminated from consciousness because of the intense repression in the phallic stage so find pleasure in friendship and schoolwork, curiosity According to Sigmund Freud, what happened during the second stage of psychosexual development? What was it called? anal stage: second year of life; pleasure from feces explosion early on then being able to withhold feces later According to Sigmund Freud, what happened during the third stage of psychosexual development? What was it called? phallic stage: third to fifth year of life, most significant event is the male and female oedipal complexes when both develop strong, positive, and erotic feelings towards their mom which persists in boys but changes in girls, causes boys to feel castration anxiety, they resolve this by identifying with the father and sharing the mother. For girls, they realize they have no penis and blame the mother so now have positive and negative feelings towards them and causes penis envy & ambivalent feelings toward their father, she must repress the hostile toward mom and her attraction to father. For both sexes, this results in development of the superego According to Sigmund Freud, what were the 2 main types of instincts? 1) death instinct: The instinct that has death as its goal (sometimes called the death wish). E.g. suicide, aggression 2) life instinct: the instinct that has living as a goal