SCSU PSY219 Midterm Exam. Questions and Answers with complete solution

How do we get information in psychology? - 1. Observation 2. Experimentation 3. Surveys 4. Case studies How is a baby's body color assessed? - 0 = the baby is blue and pale 1 = the baby is under oxygenated (the body is pink, but the extremities are blue) 2 = the baby is pink How is a baby's heart rate assessed? - 0 = there is no beat 1 = the beat is under 100 bpm 2 = the beat is over 100 bpm How is a baby's muscle tone assessed? - 0 = the baby isn't moving 1 = the baby can move slightly, like its head 2 = the baby can move its arms and legs How is a baby's reflex irritability assessed? - A hand is brushed against the foot of the baby 0 = there is no response 1 = the baby grimaces 2 = the baby pulls foot back How is a baby's respiratory effort assessed? - 0 = the baby isn't breathing 1 = The baby has irregular, hard raspy breaths 2 = Regular breathing, the baby is cryingWhat are a baby's reflexes when they are born? - sucking, rooting, startle, grasps (palmer and plantner) What are copy number variations? - Genes with various repeats or deletions of base pairs What are Erikson's 8 developmental stages? - 1. Trust vs. Mistrust 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt 3. Initiative vs. Guilt 4. Industry vs. Inferiority 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation 7. Generative vs. Stagnation 8. Integrity vs. Despair What are Erikson's ideas? - He described 8 developmental stages, each characterized by a particular challenege, or developmental crisis What are Kohlburg's develop morality stages? - 1. Preconventional 2. Conventional 3. Post conventional What are Piaget's six-sensory preopperational thinking - 1. Centration 2. Egocentrism 3. Focus on appearance 4. Static reasoning 5. Animism 6. Irreversibility What are stem cells? - Cells from which any other specialized type of cell can formWhat are teratogens? - Agents that disrupt development of the fetus What are the 3 ways to look at someone? - 1. Biological way 2. Cognitive way 3. Psychological way What are the 4 different styles of parenting? - 1. Authoritative 2. Authoritarian 3. Permissive 4. Neglectful/uninvolved What are the 5 functions of a supportive family? - 1. Satisfy children's physical needs 2. Encourage learning 3. Support friendships 4. Protect self-respect 5. Provide a safe, stable, and harmonious home What are the different family structures? - Nuclear, one parent, traditional, same sex parents, grandparent/extended, or blended What are the different types of aggression? - 1. Instrumental aggression 2. Reactive aggression 3. Bullying What are the different types of attachments? - 1. Secure 2. Insecure: avoidant or ambivalent 3. DisorganizedWhat are the different types of families? - 1. Vulnerable 2. Restorable 3. Supportable/kinship What are the different types of play interaction? - 1. Solitary 2. Onlooker 3. Associate 4. Cooperative What are the five insights we take away from the life-span perspective? - 1. Development is multidirectional 2. Development is multicontextual 3. Development is multicultural 4. Development is multidisciplinary 5. Development is plastic What are the steps of the scientific method? - 1. Think about something 2. Hypothesize 3. Test it 4. Gather data and analyze 5. Share the results What are the years of adolescence? - 11 to 18 What are the years of adulthood? - 25 to 65