UTMB ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5355 Exam 3 Modules
5 & 6 Questions with Complete Solutions 2024/2025
Biogenic Amine Theory linked to depression - -Deficiency of neurotransmitters in
brain of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin. Particularly, a decrease in receptor
binding with serotonin.
Neurotransmitter Receptor Hypothesis linked to depression - -A deficiency of
monoamine neurotransmitters at neuronal synapses.
Antidepressants increase - -Neuronal synaptic levels of monoamine
neurotransmitters.
if you have more receptors than neurotransmitters - -Neurotransmitters do not have
time to re-charge thus, they do not function properly.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) System Dysregulation - -HPA system
dysregulation with excessive glucocorticoid secretion is found in a large percentage of
people suffering from major depression.
Patho of Alzheimer's includes - plaque formation, presence of --, with decreased levels of -
- -Amyloid B, neurofibrillary tangles, acetylcholine these disrupt impulse
transmission
neurofibrillary tangles - -are a deformation of the structure that carries nutrients to
neurons of the brain.
,Decreased levels of choline acetyl transferase and acetylcholine is associated with -
-Memory loss
Parkinson's disease is associated with - -basal ganglia dysfunction and atrophy of
neurons in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine;
Most common cause of dementia - -Alzheimer's disease fatal 5-10 years
Characteristics of Alzheimer's - -Loss of memory, language , inability to learn new
things, dysfunction, delusions, cannot perform ADLs, majorly effects social life
Parkinson's Disease is - -Chronic motor progressive neuro-degenerative known as a
shaking palsy
Characteristics of Parkinson's disease - -Tremors at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia,
muscular rigidity and postural abnormalities.
2 Main Categories of CVA - -Hemorrhagic and Ischemic
Hemorrhagic CVA - -Blood produces inflammatory reaction, swelling, displaces
brain tissue and increases ICP
2 types of hemorrhagic stroke - -Intracerebral and subarachnoid
Intracerebral Hemorrhage - -Blood vessel leaks directly into brain tissue
Subarachnoid hemorrhage - -Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, caused by
trauma, aneurysm rupture presents as "worst headache of life". surgical emergency
, Ischemic CVA - -reduction in cerebral blood flow results in hypoxia and irreversible
cell death with associated cerebral edema
3 types of ischemic CVA - -thrombotic, embolic, hypercoagulable states.
Thrombotic - -caused by atherosclerosis blocking vessels. obstruction of blood
vessel due to localized occlusive process
Embolic - -caused by blood clot, fat or air embolus traveling from distant site to brain
Hypercoaguable state - -conditions such as sickle cell disease, polycythemia
causing blood clot to form and obstruct vessel
Serotonin - -inhibitory, involved with mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal- insufficient
linked to depression, involved in migraine headaches, Prozac and antidepressant drugs
raise levels
Dopamine - -excitatory, influences movement, learning, emotions, pleasure,
decreased levels associated with tremors in parkinson's and depression, excess linked to
schizophrenia
GABA - -major inhibitory, undersupply linked to anxiety, seizures, tremors and
insomnia
Multiple sclerosis - -chronic, inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of
the CNS. : patho includes CNS demyelination thought to be caused by an immune reaction
5 & 6 Questions with Complete Solutions 2024/2025
Biogenic Amine Theory linked to depression - -Deficiency of neurotransmitters in
brain of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin. Particularly, a decrease in receptor
binding with serotonin.
Neurotransmitter Receptor Hypothesis linked to depression - -A deficiency of
monoamine neurotransmitters at neuronal synapses.
Antidepressants increase - -Neuronal synaptic levels of monoamine
neurotransmitters.
if you have more receptors than neurotransmitters - -Neurotransmitters do not have
time to re-charge thus, they do not function properly.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) System Dysregulation - -HPA system
dysregulation with excessive glucocorticoid secretion is found in a large percentage of
people suffering from major depression.
Patho of Alzheimer's includes - plaque formation, presence of --, with decreased levels of -
- -Amyloid B, neurofibrillary tangles, acetylcholine these disrupt impulse
transmission
neurofibrillary tangles - -are a deformation of the structure that carries nutrients to
neurons of the brain.
,Decreased levels of choline acetyl transferase and acetylcholine is associated with -
-Memory loss
Parkinson's disease is associated with - -basal ganglia dysfunction and atrophy of
neurons in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine;
Most common cause of dementia - -Alzheimer's disease fatal 5-10 years
Characteristics of Alzheimer's - -Loss of memory, language , inability to learn new
things, dysfunction, delusions, cannot perform ADLs, majorly effects social life
Parkinson's Disease is - -Chronic motor progressive neuro-degenerative known as a
shaking palsy
Characteristics of Parkinson's disease - -Tremors at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia,
muscular rigidity and postural abnormalities.
2 Main Categories of CVA - -Hemorrhagic and Ischemic
Hemorrhagic CVA - -Blood produces inflammatory reaction, swelling, displaces
brain tissue and increases ICP
2 types of hemorrhagic stroke - -Intracerebral and subarachnoid
Intracerebral Hemorrhage - -Blood vessel leaks directly into brain tissue
Subarachnoid hemorrhage - -Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, caused by
trauma, aneurysm rupture presents as "worst headache of life". surgical emergency
, Ischemic CVA - -reduction in cerebral blood flow results in hypoxia and irreversible
cell death with associated cerebral edema
3 types of ischemic CVA - -thrombotic, embolic, hypercoagulable states.
Thrombotic - -caused by atherosclerosis blocking vessels. obstruction of blood
vessel due to localized occlusive process
Embolic - -caused by blood clot, fat or air embolus traveling from distant site to brain
Hypercoaguable state - -conditions such as sickle cell disease, polycythemia
causing blood clot to form and obstruct vessel
Serotonin - -inhibitory, involved with mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal- insufficient
linked to depression, involved in migraine headaches, Prozac and antidepressant drugs
raise levels
Dopamine - -excitatory, influences movement, learning, emotions, pleasure,
decreased levels associated with tremors in parkinson's and depression, excess linked to
schizophrenia
GABA - -major inhibitory, undersupply linked to anxiety, seizures, tremors and
insomnia
Multiple sclerosis - -chronic, inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of
the CNS. : patho includes CNS demyelination thought to be caused by an immune reaction
