Psychology 1100 Final - Exam CSCC Questions and Answers with complete solution

Absolute Thresholds - The minimum amount of stimulus energy that a person can detect. Accommodation - An individual's adjustment of his or her schemas to new information ADHD - One of the most common psychological disorders of childhood, in which individuals show one or more of the following: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Aggression - Social behavior whose objective is to harm someone, either physically or verbally. Algorithms vs. Heuristics - Algorithms: Strategies—including formulas, instructions, and the testing of all possible solutions—that guarantee a solution to a problem Heuristics: Shortcut strategies or guidelines that suggest a solution to a problem but do not guarantee an answer. Altruism and Prosocial behavior - -Giving to another person with the ultimate goal of benefiting that person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself. -Behavior that is intended to benefit other people. Amygdala - An almond-shaped structure within the base of the temporal lobe that is involved in the discrimination of objects that are necessary for the organism's survival, such as appropriate food, mates, and social rivals. Anorexia Nervosa - Eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation Assimilation - An individual's incorporation of new information into existing knowledge. AttachmentStyles: Secure vs. Insecure - The ways that infants use their caregiver, usually their mother, as a secure base from which to explore the environment. attraction - Physical attractiveness, proximity, and similarity Authoritarian parenting - A restrictive, punitive parenting style in which the parent exhorts the child to follow the parent's directions and to value hard work and effort. Authoritative parenting - A parenting style that encourages the child to be independent but that still places limits and controls on behavior Availability bias - A prediction about the probability of an event based on the ease of recalling or imagining similar events Behavioral approach - scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants. It focuses on an organism's visible behaviors, not thoughts or feelings Biological approach - focus on the body, especially the brain and nervous system Biopsychosocial model - broad view that attributes disease outcome to the intricate, variable interaction of biological factors, psychological factors, and social factors Bipolar Disorder - Mood disorder characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state Brainstem - stemlike brain area that includes much of the hindbrain (excluding the cerebellum) and the midbrain; connects with the spinal cord at its lower end and then extends upward to encase the reticular formation in the midbrain. Bulimia Nervosa - Eating disorder in which an individual (typically female) consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern