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190 Int. J. Sustainable Developme nt, Vol. 16, Nos. 3/4, 2013 Copyright © 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. Sustainable planning and design of large-scale metropolitan development projects John Morrissey* Centre for Design, Design and Social Context Portfolio, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia E-mail: E-mail: *Corresponding author Usha Iyer-Raniga School of Property, Construction and Project Management and Centre for Design, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia E-mail: Patricia McLaughlin Learning Development Group, Office of the DVC-Academic, RMIT University, City Campus, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia E-mail: Anthony Mills School of Property Construction and Project Management, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia E-mail: Abstract: Actors in the built environm ent are increasingly considering environmental issues alongside f unctional and economic aspects of development projects. However, to date in Australia and internationally, there have been few practical examples of inte grated applications of sustainability principles in the built environment across all lifecycle phases. In response to this gap, this paper proposes a concep tual framework based on the principal that early intervention is the most cost-effective and efficient means of implementing effective strategies for sustainability. A strategic environmental assessment (SEA) approach is forwarded as an umbrella analytical framework, assembled from analytical me thods which are strategically ‘tiered’ to inform stages of the project decision-making pr ocess. Practically applied and timed accordingly, the framework can allow assessments to be targeted towards Sustainable planning and design 191 appropriate decision making levels and enable better decision-making and more efficient resource allocation fo r major infrastructure development projects. Keywords: built environment; infrastructure; sustainability appraisal; strategic environmental assessment; SEA; conceptual framework; integrated approach; tiered appraisal; ecological footprint; EF; planning; decision-making. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Morrissey, J., Iyer-Raniga, U., McLaughlin, P. and M ills, A. (2013) ‘Sustainable planning and design of large-scale metropol itan development projects’, Int. J. Sustainable Development , Vol. 16, Nos. 3/4, pp.190–203. Biographical notes: John Morrissey is a Research Fellow at the Centre for Design, RMIT University. His doctora l dissertation, ‘Appraisal of the sustainability of Irish settlements’, took a multi-disciplinary approach to assess development patterns at settlement a nd regional scales (c ompleted 2006). This empirical analysis of settlements produced practical recommendations for policy-makers regarding the integration of sustainable development goals with settlement planning policies. Since 2008, he has acted as a Coordinator of the Australian Research Council’s Lifetime A ffordable Housing Research at RMIT University. His other research includes ecological footprint, indicators for sustainability, and the integration of sustainability into decision making processes. Usha Iyer-Raniga is a Senior Lecturer at the School of Property, Construction and Project Management in RMIT Un iversity, as well as teaching in undergraduate teaching programmes at SI M University in Singapore. She has also worked with the Centre for Design in a strategic role, as an Assistant Director since 2006. In this capacity , she has worked on a number of applied research projects in the residential and commercial sectors for various state and federal government depart ments, as well as developing the Annual Green Building and Design Conference. Patricia McLaughlin is a Lecturer at the School of Property Construction and Project Management, RMIT Univer sity. She is currently working in partnership with colleagues from Univer sity of Technology, Sydney, Curtin University of Technology, and Univer sity of Western Sydney on ‘Lifelong learning pathways: addressing participati on and diversity in higher education’, a research project funded by the Au stralian learning and teaching council. Anthony Mills is a Senior Lecturer at the School of Property Construction and Project Management, RMIT University , having previously been Senior Lecturer at the University of Melbourne. This paper is a revised and expanded vers ion of a paper entitled ‘Proposal of a tiered conceptual framework for sustaina ble design and planning of large-scale development projects in the metropolitan context’ presented at the Fourth International Conference on Sustainability Engineering and Science, Auckland, New Zealand, December 2010. 1 Introduction The overwhelming threat to development pose d by climate change means that more and more emphasis is being placed on the need to integrate sustainability considerations into