PATHO
PHYSIOLOGY
9TH
EDITION
MCCANCE
TESTBANK
LATESTREVISED
NurseA Chapter1:CellularBiology
MULTIPLECHOICE
1.WhichcomponentofthecellprodNuUceRsSIhNyGdTroBg.CeOnMperoxide(H2O2)byusingoxygento
removehydrogenatomsfromspecificsubstratesinanoxidativereaction?
a.Lysosomes c.Ribosomes
b.Peroxisomes d.Oxyhydrosomes
ANS:B
Peroxisomesaresonamedbecausetheyusuallycontainenzymesthatuseoxygento
removehydrogenatomsfromspecificsubstratesinanoxidativereactionthatproduces
H2O2,whichisapowerfuloxidantandpotentiallydestructiveifitaccumulatesorescapes
fromperoxisomes.RibosomesareRNA-proteincomplexes(nucleoproteins)thatare
synthesizedinthenucleolusandsecretedintothecytoplasmthroughporesinthenuclear
envelopecallednuclearporecomplexes.Lysosomesaresaclikestructuresthatoriginate
fromtheGolgicomplexandcontainmorethan40digestiveenzymescalledhydrolases,
whichcatalyzebondsinproteins,lipids,nucleicacids,andcarbohydrates.Oxyhydrosomes
areinvolvedinenzymeproduction.
PTS:1 REF:Page8
2.Whichstatementbestdescribesthecellularfunctionofmetabolicabsorption?
a.Cellscanproduceproteins. c.Cellscantakeinandusenutrients.
b.Cellscansecretedigestiveenzymes.d.Cellscansynthesizefats.
ANS:C
Inmetabolicabsorption,allcellstakeinandusenutrientsandothersubstancesfromtheir
surroundings.Theremainingoptionsarenotinclusiveintheirdescriptionsofcellular
metabolicabsorption.
PTS:1 REF:Page2
3.Mostofacell’sgeneticinformation,includingRNAandDNA,iscontainedinthe:
a.Mitochondria c.Nucleolus
b.Ribosome d.Lysosome
ANS:C
Thenucleuscontainsthenucleolus,asmalldensestructurecomposedlargelyofRNA,
mostofthecellularDNA,andtheDNA-bindingproteins,suchasthehistones,which
regulateitsactivity.Theotheroptionsdonotcontainmostofacell’sgeneticinformation.
PTS:1 REF:Page2
4.Whichcellcomponentiscapableofcellularautodigestionwhenitisreleasedduringcell
injury?
a.Ribosome c.Smoothendoplasmicreticulum
b.Golgicomplex d.Lysosomes
ANS:D
NurseA Thelysosomalmembraneactsasaprotectiveshieldbetweenthepowerfuldigestive
enzymeswithinthelysosomeandthecytoplasm,preventingtheirleakageintothe
cytoplasmicmatrix.Disruptionofthemembranebyvarioustreatmentsorcellularinjury
leadstoareleaseofthelysosomalenzymes,whichcanthenreactwiththeirspecific
substrates,causingcellularself-digestion.Theotheroptionsdonotcorrectlydescribethis
process.
PTS:1 REF:Pages7-8
5.Whatisthesequenceofstepsinthedevelopmentofadigestiveenzymebythepancreas
cellsfromtheinitialtranscriptiontothereleasefromthecell?
a.TheenzymeistranscribedfromDNAbyRNAinthenucleus,proceedstothe
ribosomeforsynthesis,andistransportedinasecretoryvesicletothecell
membrane.
b.TheenzymeistranscribedfromRNAbyDNAinthenucleus,proceedstothe
lysosomeforsynthesis,andistransportedinanencapsulatedmembranetothecell
membrane.
c.Theenzymeistranscribedbythemitochondriainthenucleus,proceedstothe
ribosomeforsynthesis,andistransportedinacytoskeletontothecellmembrane.
d.TheenzymeistranscribedfromDNAbyRNAinthenucleus,proceedstothe
Golgicomplexforsynthesis,andistransportedinacytosoltothecellmembrane.
ANS:A
TheenzymeistranscribedfromDNAbyRNAinthenucleus,proceedstotheribosome
forsynthesis,andistransportedinasecretoryvesicletothecellmembrane.Theother
optionsdonotcorrectlydescribethisprocess.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS:1 REF:Page7|Figure1-5
6.DuringwhichphaseofthecellcycleisDNAsynthesized?
a.G1 c.G2
b.S d.M
ANS:B
Thefourdesignatedphasesofthecellcycleare:(1)theG1phase(G=gap),whichisthe
periodbetweentheMphase(M=mitosis)andthestartofDNAsynthesis;(2)theSphase
(S=synthesis),duringwhichDNAissynthesizedinthecellnucleus;(3)theG2phase,
duringwhichRNAandproteinsynthesisoccurs,theperiodbetweenthecompletionof
DNAsynthesisandthenextphase(M);and(4)theMphase,whichincludesnuclearand
cytoplasmicdivision.
PTS:1 REF:Page37
7.Whatorganiccompoundfacilitatestransportationacrosscellmembranesbyactingas
receptors,transportchannelsforelectrolytes,andenzymestodriveactivepumps?
a.Lipids c.Proteins
b.Proteases d.Carbohydrates
ANS:C
NurseA Proteinsactas(1)recognitionandbindingunits(receptors)forsubstancesmovinginand
outofthecell;(2)poresortransportchannelsforvariouselectricallychargedparticles
calledionsorelectrolytesandspecificcarriersforaminoacidsandmonosaccharides;and
(3)specificenzymesthatdriveactivepumpsthatpromotetheconcentrationofcertain
ions,particularlypotassium(K+),withinthecellwhilekeepingconcentrationsofother
ions,forexample,sodium(Na+),belowtheconcentrationsfoundintheextracellular
environment.Theotheroptionsdonotcorrectlydescribethisprocess.
PTS:1 REF:Page13|Page15
8.Understandingthevariousstepsofproteolyticcascades,suchascaspase-mediated
apoptosisandcomplementcascades,maybeusefulindesigningdrugtherapyforwhich
humandiseases?
a.Cardiacandvasculardisorders
b.Autoimmuneandmalignantdisorders
c.Gastrointestinalandrenaldisorders
d.Endocrineandgastrointestinaldisorders
ANS:B
Understandingthevariousstepsinvolvedinthisprocessiscrucialfordesigningdrug
interventions.Dysregulationofproteasesfeaturesprominentlyinmanyhumandiseases,
includingcancer,autoimmunity,andneurodegenerativedisorders.Theotheroptionsdo
notcorrectlydescribethisprocess.
PTS:1 REF:Page15
9.Whichstructurepreventswater-solublemoleculesfromenteringcellsacrosstheplasma
membrane?NURSINGTB.COM
a.Carbohydratechains c.Membranechannelproteins
b.Glycoproteinchannels d.Lipidbilayer
ANS:D
Thebilayer’sstructureaccountsforoneoftheessentialfunctionsoftheplasma
membrane.Itisimpermeabletomostwater-solublemolecules(moleculesthatdissolvein
water)becausethewater-solublemoleculesareinsolubleintheoilycoreregion.The
bilayerservesasabarriertothediffusionofwaterandhydrophilicsubstanceswhile
allowinglipid-solublemolecules,suchasoxygen(O2)andcarbondioxide(CO2),to
diffusethroughitreadily.Theotheroptionsdonotcorrectlydescribethisprocess.
PTS:1 REF:Pages12-13
10.Thefluidmosaicmodelexplains:
a.Howacellmembranefunctions
b.Whyourbodiesappeartobesolid
c.Howtissueisdifferentiated
d.Howfluidmovesbetweentheintracellularandextracellularcompartments
ANS:A
Thefluidmosaicmodelaccountsfortheflexibilityofcellularmembranes,their
self-sealingproperties,andtheirimpermeabilitytomanysubstances.Theremaining
optionsdonotexplainthemosaicmodel.
NurseA
PHYSIOLOGY
9TH
EDITION
MCCANCE
TESTBANK
LATESTREVISED
NurseA Chapter1:CellularBiology
MULTIPLECHOICE
1.WhichcomponentofthecellprodNuUceRsSIhNyGdTroBg.CeOnMperoxide(H2O2)byusingoxygento
removehydrogenatomsfromspecificsubstratesinanoxidativereaction?
a.Lysosomes c.Ribosomes
b.Peroxisomes d.Oxyhydrosomes
ANS:B
Peroxisomesaresonamedbecausetheyusuallycontainenzymesthatuseoxygento
removehydrogenatomsfromspecificsubstratesinanoxidativereactionthatproduces
H2O2,whichisapowerfuloxidantandpotentiallydestructiveifitaccumulatesorescapes
fromperoxisomes.RibosomesareRNA-proteincomplexes(nucleoproteins)thatare
synthesizedinthenucleolusandsecretedintothecytoplasmthroughporesinthenuclear
envelopecallednuclearporecomplexes.Lysosomesaresaclikestructuresthatoriginate
fromtheGolgicomplexandcontainmorethan40digestiveenzymescalledhydrolases,
whichcatalyzebondsinproteins,lipids,nucleicacids,andcarbohydrates.Oxyhydrosomes
areinvolvedinenzymeproduction.
PTS:1 REF:Page8
2.Whichstatementbestdescribesthecellularfunctionofmetabolicabsorption?
a.Cellscanproduceproteins. c.Cellscantakeinandusenutrients.
b.Cellscansecretedigestiveenzymes.d.Cellscansynthesizefats.
ANS:C
Inmetabolicabsorption,allcellstakeinandusenutrientsandothersubstancesfromtheir
surroundings.Theremainingoptionsarenotinclusiveintheirdescriptionsofcellular
metabolicabsorption.
PTS:1 REF:Page2
3.Mostofacell’sgeneticinformation,includingRNAandDNA,iscontainedinthe:
a.Mitochondria c.Nucleolus
b.Ribosome d.Lysosome
ANS:C
Thenucleuscontainsthenucleolus,asmalldensestructurecomposedlargelyofRNA,
mostofthecellularDNA,andtheDNA-bindingproteins,suchasthehistones,which
regulateitsactivity.Theotheroptionsdonotcontainmostofacell’sgeneticinformation.
PTS:1 REF:Page2
4.Whichcellcomponentiscapableofcellularautodigestionwhenitisreleasedduringcell
injury?
a.Ribosome c.Smoothendoplasmicreticulum
b.Golgicomplex d.Lysosomes
ANS:D
NurseA Thelysosomalmembraneactsasaprotectiveshieldbetweenthepowerfuldigestive
enzymeswithinthelysosomeandthecytoplasm,preventingtheirleakageintothe
cytoplasmicmatrix.Disruptionofthemembranebyvarioustreatmentsorcellularinjury
leadstoareleaseofthelysosomalenzymes,whichcanthenreactwiththeirspecific
substrates,causingcellularself-digestion.Theotheroptionsdonotcorrectlydescribethis
process.
PTS:1 REF:Pages7-8
5.Whatisthesequenceofstepsinthedevelopmentofadigestiveenzymebythepancreas
cellsfromtheinitialtranscriptiontothereleasefromthecell?
a.TheenzymeistranscribedfromDNAbyRNAinthenucleus,proceedstothe
ribosomeforsynthesis,andistransportedinasecretoryvesicletothecell
membrane.
b.TheenzymeistranscribedfromRNAbyDNAinthenucleus,proceedstothe
lysosomeforsynthesis,andistransportedinanencapsulatedmembranetothecell
membrane.
c.Theenzymeistranscribedbythemitochondriainthenucleus,proceedstothe
ribosomeforsynthesis,andistransportedinacytoskeletontothecellmembrane.
d.TheenzymeistranscribedfromDNAbyRNAinthenucleus,proceedstothe
Golgicomplexforsynthesis,andistransportedinacytosoltothecellmembrane.
ANS:A
TheenzymeistranscribedfromDNAbyRNAinthenucleus,proceedstotheribosome
forsynthesis,andistransportedinasecretoryvesicletothecellmembrane.Theother
optionsdonotcorrectlydescribethisprocess.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS:1 REF:Page7|Figure1-5
6.DuringwhichphaseofthecellcycleisDNAsynthesized?
a.G1 c.G2
b.S d.M
ANS:B
Thefourdesignatedphasesofthecellcycleare:(1)theG1phase(G=gap),whichisthe
periodbetweentheMphase(M=mitosis)andthestartofDNAsynthesis;(2)theSphase
(S=synthesis),duringwhichDNAissynthesizedinthecellnucleus;(3)theG2phase,
duringwhichRNAandproteinsynthesisoccurs,theperiodbetweenthecompletionof
DNAsynthesisandthenextphase(M);and(4)theMphase,whichincludesnuclearand
cytoplasmicdivision.
PTS:1 REF:Page37
7.Whatorganiccompoundfacilitatestransportationacrosscellmembranesbyactingas
receptors,transportchannelsforelectrolytes,andenzymestodriveactivepumps?
a.Lipids c.Proteins
b.Proteases d.Carbohydrates
ANS:C
NurseA Proteinsactas(1)recognitionandbindingunits(receptors)forsubstancesmovinginand
outofthecell;(2)poresortransportchannelsforvariouselectricallychargedparticles
calledionsorelectrolytesandspecificcarriersforaminoacidsandmonosaccharides;and
(3)specificenzymesthatdriveactivepumpsthatpromotetheconcentrationofcertain
ions,particularlypotassium(K+),withinthecellwhilekeepingconcentrationsofother
ions,forexample,sodium(Na+),belowtheconcentrationsfoundintheextracellular
environment.Theotheroptionsdonotcorrectlydescribethisprocess.
PTS:1 REF:Page13|Page15
8.Understandingthevariousstepsofproteolyticcascades,suchascaspase-mediated
apoptosisandcomplementcascades,maybeusefulindesigningdrugtherapyforwhich
humandiseases?
a.Cardiacandvasculardisorders
b.Autoimmuneandmalignantdisorders
c.Gastrointestinalandrenaldisorders
d.Endocrineandgastrointestinaldisorders
ANS:B
Understandingthevariousstepsinvolvedinthisprocessiscrucialfordesigningdrug
interventions.Dysregulationofproteasesfeaturesprominentlyinmanyhumandiseases,
includingcancer,autoimmunity,andneurodegenerativedisorders.Theotheroptionsdo
notcorrectlydescribethisprocess.
PTS:1 REF:Page15
9.Whichstructurepreventswater-solublemoleculesfromenteringcellsacrosstheplasma
membrane?NURSINGTB.COM
a.Carbohydratechains c.Membranechannelproteins
b.Glycoproteinchannels d.Lipidbilayer
ANS:D
Thebilayer’sstructureaccountsforoneoftheessentialfunctionsoftheplasma
membrane.Itisimpermeabletomostwater-solublemolecules(moleculesthatdissolvein
water)becausethewater-solublemoleculesareinsolubleintheoilycoreregion.The
bilayerservesasabarriertothediffusionofwaterandhydrophilicsubstanceswhile
allowinglipid-solublemolecules,suchasoxygen(O2)andcarbondioxide(CO2),to
diffusethroughitreadily.Theotheroptionsdonotcorrectlydescribethisprocess.
PTS:1 REF:Pages12-13
10.Thefluidmosaicmodelexplains:
a.Howacellmembranefunctions
b.Whyourbodiesappeartobesolid
c.Howtissueisdifferentiated
d.Howfluidmovesbetweentheintracellularandextracellularcompartments
ANS:A
Thefluidmosaicmodelaccountsfortheflexibilityofcellularmembranes,their
self-sealingproperties,andtheirimpermeabilitytomanysubstances.Theremaining
optionsdonotexplainthemosaicmodel.
NurseA
