DH206 Midterm Exam Questions With Accurate Answers.

DH206 Midterm Exam Questions With Accurate Answers. Adverse Reaction - answerSide effect, toxic reaction, allergic reaction side effect - answer-predictable -dose related -acts on nontarget organs Toxic reaction - answer-predictable -dose related -acts on target organs -extensions of pharmacologic effects Allergic reaction - answer-not predictable -not dose related Teratogenic Effect - answeragents that cause congenital malformations and developmental abnormalities if introduced during gestation, and before pregnancy status is know. Type I Mediated? - answerIgE mediated anaphylaxis - answerType I allergic reactions can occur quickly after drug exposure Anaphylaxis targets of the reaction? resulting in? - answeracute, life-threatening allergic reaction. The targets of the reaction are the bronchioles; the respiratory system, resulting in rhinitis and asthma; and the skin, resulting in urticaria and dermatitis. Which drugs used in dentistry that have produced fatal anaphylaxis? - answerpenicillins, ester local anesthetics, and aspirin Type I - Reactions - answer-Urticaria -Rhinitis -Dermatitis Asthma bumps Hypotension Bronchospasm Laryngeal edema Cardiac arrhythmias Urticaria - answerreferred to as hives, is a kind of skin rash notable for pale red, raised, itchy Anaphylactic shock Rhinitis - answerirritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose. Common symptoms are a stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing, and post-nasal drip. Dermatitis - answereczema, is inflammation of the skin. It is characterized by itchy, erythematous, vesicular, weeping, and crusting patches. Uritcaria (image) - answer Dermatitis (image) - answer Type IV: Delayed Hypersensitivity - answerReactions are mediated by sensitized T lymphocytes and macrophages Examples: -Poison Ivy -Tuberculosis tests -Topical benzocaine or lidocaine Recognizing Adverse Effects Patient Education and Communication - answerIf your patient is reporting a suspected adverse drug effect, determine drugs patient is taking Determine when patient is taking each drug Determine if symptoms occurred after beginning drug therapy Determine how long after beginning drug therapy that symptoms began Identify drug causing adverse effect Recognizing Adverse Effects and Symptoms - answerHeadaches Upset Stomach Nausea can usually be alleviated by taking the drug with food or milk Sedation can be minimized by take the drug at bedtime The activity of autonomic ganglionic neurons is modulated by "preganglionic neurons" located in? - answerthe central nervous system. Preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located in? - answerthe spinal cord, at the thorax and upper lumbar levels. Synapses - answerThe spaces or junctions between the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers where individual nerve cells connect with one another Pre and Postganglionic Neurons - answerThe preganglionic neuron originates in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and passes out to form the ganglion at the synapse with the postganglionic neuron. Synapses Electrical impulses travel along the ganglion and at its terminus cause the release of chemical neurotransmitters, which diffuse across the synapse t