hesi a2 Comprehensive Guide With Complete Questions And Answers.

Mitral Valve - correct answer Lies between left ventricle (LV) and left atrium (LA) Chemoreceptor is stimulated by - correct answer increase in CO2 and decrease in arterial pH How many chromosomes at the end of meiosis? - correct answer 23 Elbow has a synovial fluid protecting the - correct answer Hinge joints Common otitis media in the eustachian tube of kids - correct answer because their eustachian tubes are shorter "Master gland" is the - correct answer pituitary What produces oocytes, estrogen, & progesterone? - correct answer ovaries How many days in a menstrual cycle? - correct answer 28 what membrane lines external organs? - correct answer mucous membrane what is breathing controlled by - correct answer medulla oblongata and pons static - correct answer standstill dynamic - correct answer moving at same rate red blood cells - correct answer transports hemoglobin white blood cells - correct answer fight infections platelets - correct answer slow blood flow (clotting) cardiorespiratory system - correct answer removing unwanted substances circulatory system - correct answer provides oxygen and nutrients respiratory system - correct answer nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, etc. nervous system - correct answer CNS and PNS sympathetic - correct answer fight or flight parasympathetic - correct answer normal condition neuroendocrine system - correct answer thalamus and hypothalamus gastrointestinal system - correct answer processes nutrients urinary system - correct answer kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra, etc. musculoskeletal system - correct answer bones, tendons, muscles, joints, ligaments, etc. 3 types of skin - correct answer epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous How many bones in skull? - correct answer 28 (14 facial, 14 cranial) How many bones in verterbral column? - correct answer 33 How many phalanges? - correct answer 56 How many pairs of ribs? - correct answer 12 Abdominopelvic - correct answer Cavity composed of the abdomen and pelvis Absorption - correct answer Movement of nutrients from the digestive tube to the bloodstream Actin - correct answer Protein making up the I Band of the sarcomere Amino Acid - correct answer The building block of proteins Antibody - correct answer Special proteins that protect the body from foreign substances ATP - correct answer Abbreviation for Adenosine triphosphate, which is the energy of the cell. In muscles, this energy causes filaments to slide together to produce contraction. Atria - correct answer Upper chambers of the heart; receives blood Blood - correct answer Consists of approximately 55% plasma and 45% formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets). Serves to transport oxygen and nutrients to body cells and to carry away carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes Plasma - correct answer Contains about 10% proteins, ions, nutrients, waste products, and hormones, which are dissolved or suspended in water. Formed Element - correct answer Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets; produced from stem cells in red bone marrow. Tricuspid Valve - correct answer Valve on the right side of the heart between the atrium and ventricle Bicuspid Valve - correct answer Valve on the left side of the heart between the atrium and ventricle Semilunar Valve - correct answer Found at the entrances of the pulmonary trunk and the aorta. Sinoatrial Node - correct answer Initiates the heart's intrinsic beat Electrocardiogram - correct answer Measurement of the wave of electrical activity within the heart Systole - correct answer Contraction phase of the cardiac cycle Diastole - correct answer Relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle Muscle Contraction - correct answer Results in the sliding together of actin and myosin filaments within the muscle cell or fiber Mitosis - correct answer Necessary for growth and repair. The DNA is duplicated and distributed to 2 daughter cells. Meiosis - correct answer Special cell division that takes place in the gonads. Chromosome number is reduced from 46 to 23 so wen the egg and the sperm unite in fertilization the zygote will have the correct number of chromosomes. Skin - correct answer The largest organ in the body. Consists of the epidermis and the dermis. Epidermis - correct answer Outer, most protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells. Contain Melanin. Stratum corneum - stratum lucidum - stratum granulosum - stratum germinativum (outer layer to inner). Dermis - correct answer Underlying layer composed of fibrous connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and the associated skin structures (hair follicles/glands) Melanin - correct answer Protein pigment that protects against radiation from the sun Eccrine Gland - correct answer Most widely distributed sweat glands that regulate body temperature by releasing a watery secretion that evaporates from the surface of the skin Apocrine Gland - correct answer Sweat gland that produce a secretion containing cytoplasm. Mainly found in the armpit and groin areas. Sebaceous Gland - correct answer Release an oily secretion through the hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents drying. These glands are susceptible to becoming clogged and attracting bacteria, particularly during adolescence. Holocrine Secretion - correct answer Produces oil; whole cells of the sebaceous gland are part of this secretion Skeletal System - correct answer Functions to support, permit movement, form blood cells (homeopoiesis), protect internal organs, detoxify, point for muscle attachment, mineral storage (particularly phosphorous and calcium) Long Bone - correct answer Has an irregular epiphysis at each end, composed mainly of spongy (cancellous) bone. Has a shaft (diaphysis) composed of compact bone. Osteoblast - correct answer Form compact bone; Once becoming fixed into the bone matrix, they stop dividing but continue to maintain bone tissue as osteocytes Diaphysis - correct answer The shaft composed of compact bone Epiphysis - correct answer End of each bone Axial Skeleton - correct answer Composed of 28 bones of the skull (14 facial bones and 14 bones of the cranium) and 33 bones of the vertebral column (7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 sacral vertebrae, and the coccygeal vertebrae) and the bones of the thorx, the sternum and the 12 pairs of ribs Appendicular Skeleton - correct answer Includes the girdles and the limbs. Upper pectoral girdle, the clavicle and the scapula, and the upper extremity, and the bones are the arm and hand. Pelvic Girdle or os coxae, leg, and foot bones. Actin - correct answer Causes muscle contraction by sliding together with myosin filaments. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - correct answer Releases calcium for muscles via nervous stimulation from motor neurons Calcium ion - correct answer Attach to inhibitory proteins on the actin filaments within the cell, moving them aside so that cross-bridges can form between actin and myosin filaments. Stored in the Sarcoplasmic reticulum. Neuron - correct answer Nerve cell - the functional units of the nervous system. Consist of a cell body, axon, and dendrite. Peripheral Nervous System - correct answer Consists of all the nerves that transmit information to the CNS. Afferent Neuron - correct answer Sensory neurons that transmit nerve impulses towards the CNS Efferent Neuron - correct answer Motor neurons that transmit nerve impulses away from the CNS toward the effector organs such as muscles, glands, and digestive organs. Cerebrum - correct answer Part of the brain associated with movement and sensory input Cerebellum - correct answer Part of the brain responsible for muscular coordination Medulla Oblongata - correct answer Part of the brain responsible for vital functions such as respiration and heart rate Spinal Cord - correct answer About 18 inches long and extends from the base of the skull (foramen magnum) to the first or second lumbar vertebra. 31 pairs of spinal nerves exist here. Spinal Reflex - correct answer Nerve impulses travel through the spinal cord only and do not reach the brain