Maryville Patho 611 Exam 1 Practice Quiz Questions and answers 100% verified.

Maryville Patho 611 Exam 1 Practice Quiz Questions and answers 100% verified. Pathologic hyperplasia - correct answer. Produces an abnormal proliferation of abnormal cells Free radicals may be produced by - correct answer. spontaneous decay of superoxide Alcohol (ethanol) - correct answer. is metabolized via the microsomal p-450 oxidase pathway Aging is associated with - correct answer. increased cross-linking of collagen What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps? - correct answer. Proteins What prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane? - correct answer. Phospholipid bilayer Which mode of chemical signaling use blood to transport communication to cells some distance away? - correct answer. Hormone signaling Which mode of chemical signaling uses local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up, destroyed or immobilized? - correct answer. Paracrine signaling Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to - correct answer. Receptors How do cells receive communication from the extracellular fluid surrounding them? - correct answer. Chemical messengers such as ligands When a second message is necessary for extracellular communication to be activated, it is provided by: - correct answer. adenosine monophosphate (AMP) What is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids is transferred to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? - correct answer. oxidative phosphorylation How is passive transport described? - correct answer. It is driven by osmosis, filtration, and diffusion Active transport occurs across membranes that - correct answer. have receptors that are capable of binding with the substances to be transported A person with chronic heart failure has edema in the lower legs and sacral area. The nurse practitioner suspects this is due to an - correct answer. increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure A person reports severe diarrhea for 2 days. The nurse practitioner understands this stimulates a - correct answer. increase in antidiuretic hormone secretion A person arrives in the ER after a loss of consciousness and the development of Kussmaul respirations. The individual has a history of diabetes and 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. The nurse practitioner suspects the person has - correct answer. metabolic acidosis A person with a history of chronic lung disease arrives in the clinic with a 1-week history of a productive cough, headache, and muscle twitching. The nurse practitioner suspects the person is experiencing - correct answer. respiratory acidosis Water movement between the intracellular fluid compartment and the extracellular compartment is primarily a function of - correct answer. osmotic forces The most significant consequence of hypokalemia is - correct answer. muscular weakness At the arterial end of capillaries, fluid moves from the intravascular space into the interstitial space because the - correct answer. Capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary oncotic pressure How does the loss of chloride during vomiting cause metabolic alkalosis? - correct answer. Loss of chloride causes retention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance A patient has a long history of smoking. He has blood studies done because he is very tired, short of breath, and just does not feel well. His blood gases reveal the following findings: pH 7.3, HCO3 27 mEq/L, CO2 58mmHg. What is the interpretation of these gases? - correct answer. respiratory acidosis Which is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis - correct answer. A programmed cell death of scattered single cells During cell injury caused by hypoxia, why is there an increase in the osmotic pressure within the cell? - correct answer. Because sodium chloride enters the cell During cell injury caused by hypoxia, why do sodium and water move into the cell? - correct answer. Because the pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in ATP When the heart's workload increases, what changes occur to the myocardial cells? - correct answer. They increase in size What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria - correct answer. Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? - correct answer. Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease How do free radicals cause cell damage - correct answer. By giving up an electron, causing injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane In hypoxic injury, why does sodium enter the cell and cause swelling? - correct answer. Because there is insufficient ATP to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell What is the most common site of lipid accumulation? - correct answer. Liver Nondividing cells, such as myocardial fibers, are capable of hypertrophy, but not hyperplasia - correct answer. True Dysplasia is a common type of normal cellular adaptation - correct answer. False Hyppertrophy and hyperplasia rarely occur together - correct answer. False