NCLEX-RN Questions and
100% Correct Answers |
Grade A+
,Signs of Hypoxia
Ans: Restlessness and Tachycardia
Potassium
Ans: is excreted by the kidneys. 3.5-5.0
Signs and Symptoms of Hypokalemia
Ans: Muscle cramping, weakness, life threatening arrhythmias (U waves, PVC's,
Ventricular tachycardia)
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperkalemia
Ans: Muscle twitching, weakness, flaccid paralysis, arrhythmias (Peak and tall T Waves,
conduction block, V fib, prolong PR interval, widen QRS complex, flat or absent P waves,
bradycardia)
Cause of Hyperkalemia
Ans: Kidney trouble, Spironolactone (Aldactone) - Makes you retain K+
Cause of Hypokalemia
,Ans: Vomiting, NG suction (we have lots of K+ in stomach), diuretics, Not eating )
Tx of Hypokalemia
Ans: Give K+, Sprionolactone (Aldactone) makes them retain K+, Eat more K+
Tx of Hyperkalemia
Ans: Dialysis - Kidneys aren't working, Ca gluconate decreases arrhythmias, Glucose and
insulin --> insulin carries glucose and K+ into the cell. Anytime you give IV insulin worry
about hypoglycemia and hypokalemia, Na polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) which
exchanges Na for K+ in the GI tract. You want to push IV fluids to prevent dehydration.
Important facts on K+
Ans: Major problem with PO K+ is GI upset,
Assess UP before and during IV K+
Always put IV K+ on a pump
Mix well
Never give IV K+ push
K+ burns during infusion so monitor IV site
Food high in K+
, Ans: spinach, fennel, kale, mustard greens, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, eggplant, cantaloupe,
tomatoes, parsley, cucumber, bell pepper, apricots, ginger root, strawberries, avocado,
banana, tuna, halibut, cauliflower, kiwi, oranges, lima beans, potatoes white and sweet, and
cabbage
Hypervolemia
Ans: to much fluid in the vascular space
Causes of hypervolemia
Ans: Heart failure (heart is weak, CO down, kidney perfusion decrease, UO decreases
Renal Failure (Kidneys aren't working)
meds high Na (Alka-Seltzer, fleet enema, IVF with Na)
Hormonal Regulation of Fluid Volume
Ans: Aldosterone (volume low, aldosterone secretion increases -> retain Na/water -> blood
volume goes up
Disease with too much Aldosterone
Ans: Cushing; Hyperaldosterone
Disease with too little aldosterone
100% Correct Answers |
Grade A+
,Signs of Hypoxia
Ans: Restlessness and Tachycardia
Potassium
Ans: is excreted by the kidneys. 3.5-5.0
Signs and Symptoms of Hypokalemia
Ans: Muscle cramping, weakness, life threatening arrhythmias (U waves, PVC's,
Ventricular tachycardia)
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperkalemia
Ans: Muscle twitching, weakness, flaccid paralysis, arrhythmias (Peak and tall T Waves,
conduction block, V fib, prolong PR interval, widen QRS complex, flat or absent P waves,
bradycardia)
Cause of Hyperkalemia
Ans: Kidney trouble, Spironolactone (Aldactone) - Makes you retain K+
Cause of Hypokalemia
,Ans: Vomiting, NG suction (we have lots of K+ in stomach), diuretics, Not eating )
Tx of Hypokalemia
Ans: Give K+, Sprionolactone (Aldactone) makes them retain K+, Eat more K+
Tx of Hyperkalemia
Ans: Dialysis - Kidneys aren't working, Ca gluconate decreases arrhythmias, Glucose and
insulin --> insulin carries glucose and K+ into the cell. Anytime you give IV insulin worry
about hypoglycemia and hypokalemia, Na polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) which
exchanges Na for K+ in the GI tract. You want to push IV fluids to prevent dehydration.
Important facts on K+
Ans: Major problem with PO K+ is GI upset,
Assess UP before and during IV K+
Always put IV K+ on a pump
Mix well
Never give IV K+ push
K+ burns during infusion so monitor IV site
Food high in K+
, Ans: spinach, fennel, kale, mustard greens, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, eggplant, cantaloupe,
tomatoes, parsley, cucumber, bell pepper, apricots, ginger root, strawberries, avocado,
banana, tuna, halibut, cauliflower, kiwi, oranges, lima beans, potatoes white and sweet, and
cabbage
Hypervolemia
Ans: to much fluid in the vascular space
Causes of hypervolemia
Ans: Heart failure (heart is weak, CO down, kidney perfusion decrease, UO decreases
Renal Failure (Kidneys aren't working)
meds high Na (Alka-Seltzer, fleet enema, IVF with Na)
Hormonal Regulation of Fluid Volume
Ans: Aldosterone (volume low, aldosterone secretion increases -> retain Na/water -> blood
volume goes up
Disease with too much Aldosterone
Ans: Cushing; Hyperaldosterone
Disease with too little aldosterone
