Nutrition Exam 1
15g carb=
3g protein=
1g fat= - correct answer-15X4=60kcal
3X4=12kcal
1X9=9kcal
Best choices within each food group: - correct answer-grain (6-9): whole grains, corn, beans,
peas
fruits (3-5): fresh and frozen
veggies(3+): fresh and frozen, bright colors
dairy(3-4): skim or 1%, cottage cheese
protein(5-7oz): lean meat/poultry, fish, nuts, beans, seeds, tofu
Case-control study - correct answer-comparison of people who do and those that do not
have a particular condition ex. people who have diabetes are overweight
Cohort study - correct answer-researchers analyze data from a selected group of people at
intervals over a certain period of time
ex. Framingham heart study has followed 5,000 participants over the last 60 years and found
those with high cholesterol more likely to have a heart attack
Define hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia - correct answer-hyper: high blood glucose levels
hypo: low blood glucose levels
Define myocardial infarction and stroke - correct answer-myocardial infarction is a heart
attack where blood flow to the heart is blocked
stroke is when blood flow to the brain is blocked
Define nutrient density and empty calories - correct answer-nutrient density: small number of
calories and lots of vitamins and minerals
empty calories: sugars/fats, calories without nutrients that aren't fulfilling
Describe the transport of digested fat - correct answer-chylomicron→lympth→subclavian
vein→general circulation→chylomicron remnant→liver
Describe the transportation of synthesized fat starting with VLDL and ending with scavenger
pathway. - correct answer-VLDL deposits fat and become VLDL remnant to low density
protein, receptor pathway for cholesterol uptake, scavenger pathway for cholesterol uptake
Difference between glycogen and starch? - correct answer-Glycogen: hundreds of glucose
units in long, highly branched chains, storage form of CHO, (stored in liver and muscles)
Starch: thousands of glucose molecules in either occasionally branched chains or
unbranched chains
, Different characteristics of type one and type two diabetes - correct answer-type one:
genetic, diagnosed under 30, insulin injections required
type two: diagnosed over age 30, often linked with obesity, 90-95% cases, treatment
includes diet therapy, medication and exercise
Double blind study - correct answer-has an experimental group and a control group and
subjects are randomly assigned so that neither researchers nor subjects know which group
they're in
Epidemiology - correct answer-study of diseases in populations
Explain enterohepatic circulation - correct answer-bile stored in gall bladder, small intestine
emulsifies fats and it goes to colon or blood then liver bile (from cholesterol) goes back to the
gall bladder
Explain how fat is digested once entering the small intestine. - correct answer-CCK
stimulates the release of bile and lecithin to help emulsify fat, CCK hormone stimulates
pancreas to release pancreatic lipase (enzyme), fat is broken down to monoglycerides and
free fatty acids and glycerol
Explain the digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine - correct answer-1. pancreatic
amylase is released which digests further starch fragments into disaccharides
2. disaccharides then broken down into monosaccharide's by three enzymes released by
intestinal cells
3. monosaccarides are absorbed through intestinal cell and into the bloodstream
For a healthy diet, what is the recommendation for % total calories from carbohydrate? -
correct answer-45-65%
Four types of fatty acids? - correct answer-saturated fats, trans fats, monounsaturated fats,
polyunsaturated fats (essential)
Functions of carbs? - correct answer-supply energy, protein sparing, prevents ketosis,
sweetener in foods
How are minerals categorized? - correct answer-major: >100mg
Trace: <100mg
How does the DSHEA classify nutritional supplements? What role does the FDA have in
regulating supplements? - correct answer-classifies vitamins, minerals, amino acids and
herbal remedies as "foods"
prevents FDA from regulating them as heavily as additives for drugs
How many calories per gram are in each macronutrient? - correct answer-carbs= 4kcal/g
protein= 4kcal/g
fat= 9 kcal/g
How much fiber do males/females need daily? - correct answer-males 38g
15g carb=
3g protein=
1g fat= - correct answer-15X4=60kcal
3X4=12kcal
1X9=9kcal
Best choices within each food group: - correct answer-grain (6-9): whole grains, corn, beans,
peas
fruits (3-5): fresh and frozen
veggies(3+): fresh and frozen, bright colors
dairy(3-4): skim or 1%, cottage cheese
protein(5-7oz): lean meat/poultry, fish, nuts, beans, seeds, tofu
Case-control study - correct answer-comparison of people who do and those that do not
have a particular condition ex. people who have diabetes are overweight
Cohort study - correct answer-researchers analyze data from a selected group of people at
intervals over a certain period of time
ex. Framingham heart study has followed 5,000 participants over the last 60 years and found
those with high cholesterol more likely to have a heart attack
Define hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia - correct answer-hyper: high blood glucose levels
hypo: low blood glucose levels
Define myocardial infarction and stroke - correct answer-myocardial infarction is a heart
attack where blood flow to the heart is blocked
stroke is when blood flow to the brain is blocked
Define nutrient density and empty calories - correct answer-nutrient density: small number of
calories and lots of vitamins and minerals
empty calories: sugars/fats, calories without nutrients that aren't fulfilling
Describe the transport of digested fat - correct answer-chylomicron→lympth→subclavian
vein→general circulation→chylomicron remnant→liver
Describe the transportation of synthesized fat starting with VLDL and ending with scavenger
pathway. - correct answer-VLDL deposits fat and become VLDL remnant to low density
protein, receptor pathway for cholesterol uptake, scavenger pathway for cholesterol uptake
Difference between glycogen and starch? - correct answer-Glycogen: hundreds of glucose
units in long, highly branched chains, storage form of CHO, (stored in liver and muscles)
Starch: thousands of glucose molecules in either occasionally branched chains or
unbranched chains
, Different characteristics of type one and type two diabetes - correct answer-type one:
genetic, diagnosed under 30, insulin injections required
type two: diagnosed over age 30, often linked with obesity, 90-95% cases, treatment
includes diet therapy, medication and exercise
Double blind study - correct answer-has an experimental group and a control group and
subjects are randomly assigned so that neither researchers nor subjects know which group
they're in
Epidemiology - correct answer-study of diseases in populations
Explain enterohepatic circulation - correct answer-bile stored in gall bladder, small intestine
emulsifies fats and it goes to colon or blood then liver bile (from cholesterol) goes back to the
gall bladder
Explain how fat is digested once entering the small intestine. - correct answer-CCK
stimulates the release of bile and lecithin to help emulsify fat, CCK hormone stimulates
pancreas to release pancreatic lipase (enzyme), fat is broken down to monoglycerides and
free fatty acids and glycerol
Explain the digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine - correct answer-1. pancreatic
amylase is released which digests further starch fragments into disaccharides
2. disaccharides then broken down into monosaccharide's by three enzymes released by
intestinal cells
3. monosaccarides are absorbed through intestinal cell and into the bloodstream
For a healthy diet, what is the recommendation for % total calories from carbohydrate? -
correct answer-45-65%
Four types of fatty acids? - correct answer-saturated fats, trans fats, monounsaturated fats,
polyunsaturated fats (essential)
Functions of carbs? - correct answer-supply energy, protein sparing, prevents ketosis,
sweetener in foods
How are minerals categorized? - correct answer-major: >100mg
Trace: <100mg
How does the DSHEA classify nutritional supplements? What role does the FDA have in
regulating supplements? - correct answer-classifies vitamins, minerals, amino acids and
herbal remedies as "foods"
prevents FDA from regulating them as heavily as additives for drugs
How many calories per gram are in each macronutrient? - correct answer-carbs= 4kcal/g
protein= 4kcal/g
fat= 9 kcal/g
How much fiber do males/females need daily? - correct answer-males 38g
