Nutrition Test 1 Chapters 1-4
Added sugar reduction: - correct answer-sugar
high fructose corn syrup
AI - correct answer-Adequate Intake: set if there is not sufficient info on human needs to set
an RDA (Derived from dietary intakes of those who appear to be maintaining nutritional
health.)
AMDR - correct answer-Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges: recommended
balance of protein, CHO and lipids to provide essential nutrients & prevent chronic disease.
Calories per gram that each macronutrient contains: - correct answer-Protein: 4 kcal/g
Carbs: 4 kcal/g
Lipids: 9 kcal/g
Can excess glucose by converted to fat? - correct answer-Glucose can be converted to fat
ONLY when calorie needs are exceeded.
Claims on food labels - correct answer-Reglated by FDA--MUST have sign. scientific
agreement there is relationship b/w a nutrient, food or part of food & disease. MAY or MIGHT
is a qualifier.
Daily values: what are they? - correct answer-amount of nutrients in a food as a percentage
of the daily value recommended for a 2000 kcal diet. --simple standard for all consumers
--may be an over/under est. (pregnancy, children)
Define enriched: - correct answer-replacing nutrients lost in processing
Define enzymes: - correct answer-proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions but
are not altered in the process.
Define fortified: - correct answer-adding nutrients not normally present
Define HORMONES: - correct answer-produced in one location and act in another location
(travel through the blood). -- control muscle contractions and secretions.
Define Hydrolysis: - correct answer-the breaking apart by water. (chemical reaction of
digestions occurs through).
Define metabolism: - correct answer-sum of all chemical processes necessary to sustain life.
EAR - correct answer-Estimated Average Requirement: Am't of a nutrient that meets the
needs of 50% of a part. population (used to set RDA)
, Estimated Energy Requirement: - correct answer-energy intake estimated to maintain
energy balance in healthy, normal-weight people.
Exceptions to food labeling: - correct answer-*fresh fruits & veggies
*fresh meats, fish & poultry
FOUR TYPES OF HORMONES: - correct answer-Insulin--produced by pancreas & allows
glucose to enter cells.
Glucagon--secreted by pancreas
Epinephrine--secreted by adrenal glands.
Cortisol--secreted by adrenal glands
Function and secretions of assisting organ, gallbladder, for GI tract: - correct answer-stores
bile produced in the liver.
Function and secretions of assisting organ, liver, for GI tract: - correct answer-produces bile
(emulsifies fat in the GI tract).
Function and secretions of assisting organ, pancreas, for GI tract: - correct
answer-secretes--enzymes, bicarbonate which neutrolyzes acid from the stomach,
hormones. These secretions go into the duodenum thru the bile duct.
Function and secretions of esophagus for GI tract: - correct answer-epiglottis is the flap of
tissue that prevents food from entering the wind pipe/airway and moves by peristalisis
--secretes mucus for lubrication
Function and secretions of large intestine for GI tract: - correct answer-No digestion occurs
here. Theere is some absorption but not much. --fecal material here.
Function and secretions of mouth for GI tract: - correct answer-chew and grind food;
secretions--saliva (salivary enzymes)
Function and secretions of small intestine for GI tract: - correct answer-the main site for
digestion and absorption. secretes--enzymes , mucus and some hormones.
Function and secretions of stomach th for GI tract: - correct answer-enters through
esophageal sphincter. Muscle contractions mix and churn. secretes--(1)hydrochloric acid to
sterilize and begin digestion of protein; (2) mucus to protect walls, (3) enzymes to assist
w/digestion.
Function of hormones: - correct answer-to increase blood glucose. They stimulate
breakdown of glycogen & gluconeogenesis.
Hormones are released/secreted when? - correct answer-when blood glucose levels fall
and/or are stressed.
How do you measure energy? - correct answer-# grams of carbs, protein, or lipids X # kcal/g
= _____
Added sugar reduction: - correct answer-sugar
high fructose corn syrup
AI - correct answer-Adequate Intake: set if there is not sufficient info on human needs to set
an RDA (Derived from dietary intakes of those who appear to be maintaining nutritional
health.)
AMDR - correct answer-Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges: recommended
balance of protein, CHO and lipids to provide essential nutrients & prevent chronic disease.
Calories per gram that each macronutrient contains: - correct answer-Protein: 4 kcal/g
Carbs: 4 kcal/g
Lipids: 9 kcal/g
Can excess glucose by converted to fat? - correct answer-Glucose can be converted to fat
ONLY when calorie needs are exceeded.
Claims on food labels - correct answer-Reglated by FDA--MUST have sign. scientific
agreement there is relationship b/w a nutrient, food or part of food & disease. MAY or MIGHT
is a qualifier.
Daily values: what are they? - correct answer-amount of nutrients in a food as a percentage
of the daily value recommended for a 2000 kcal diet. --simple standard for all consumers
--may be an over/under est. (pregnancy, children)
Define enriched: - correct answer-replacing nutrients lost in processing
Define enzymes: - correct answer-proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions but
are not altered in the process.
Define fortified: - correct answer-adding nutrients not normally present
Define HORMONES: - correct answer-produced in one location and act in another location
(travel through the blood). -- control muscle contractions and secretions.
Define Hydrolysis: - correct answer-the breaking apart by water. (chemical reaction of
digestions occurs through).
Define metabolism: - correct answer-sum of all chemical processes necessary to sustain life.
EAR - correct answer-Estimated Average Requirement: Am't of a nutrient that meets the
needs of 50% of a part. population (used to set RDA)
, Estimated Energy Requirement: - correct answer-energy intake estimated to maintain
energy balance in healthy, normal-weight people.
Exceptions to food labeling: - correct answer-*fresh fruits & veggies
*fresh meats, fish & poultry
FOUR TYPES OF HORMONES: - correct answer-Insulin--produced by pancreas & allows
glucose to enter cells.
Glucagon--secreted by pancreas
Epinephrine--secreted by adrenal glands.
Cortisol--secreted by adrenal glands
Function and secretions of assisting organ, gallbladder, for GI tract: - correct answer-stores
bile produced in the liver.
Function and secretions of assisting organ, liver, for GI tract: - correct answer-produces bile
(emulsifies fat in the GI tract).
Function and secretions of assisting organ, pancreas, for GI tract: - correct
answer-secretes--enzymes, bicarbonate which neutrolyzes acid from the stomach,
hormones. These secretions go into the duodenum thru the bile duct.
Function and secretions of esophagus for GI tract: - correct answer-epiglottis is the flap of
tissue that prevents food from entering the wind pipe/airway and moves by peristalisis
--secretes mucus for lubrication
Function and secretions of large intestine for GI tract: - correct answer-No digestion occurs
here. Theere is some absorption but not much. --fecal material here.
Function and secretions of mouth for GI tract: - correct answer-chew and grind food;
secretions--saliva (salivary enzymes)
Function and secretions of small intestine for GI tract: - correct answer-the main site for
digestion and absorption. secretes--enzymes , mucus and some hormones.
Function and secretions of stomach th for GI tract: - correct answer-enters through
esophageal sphincter. Muscle contractions mix and churn. secretes--(1)hydrochloric acid to
sterilize and begin digestion of protein; (2) mucus to protect walls, (3) enzymes to assist
w/digestion.
Function of hormones: - correct answer-to increase blood glucose. They stimulate
breakdown of glycogen & gluconeogenesis.
Hormones are released/secreted when? - correct answer-when blood glucose levels fall
and/or are stressed.
How do you measure energy? - correct answer-# grams of carbs, protein, or lipids X # kcal/g
= _____
