, cells require energy for many processes :
LI
Metabolism-all reactions in body
Anabolism
= making big molecules from small ones
catabolism :
making big molecules into small ones
cell Division
Active Transport = need energy substances ,
more against concentration gradient
Movement-mechanical work , ex. Muscle contraction -
plant+ animal release energy from glucose respiration this energy used to make ATP
·
=
,
.
·
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) able to supply cells with an energy form they can use .
·
For
ATP used energy transfer in all cells in all living things + therefore known as universal
energy currency.
·
Mitochondria through aerobic respiration is responsible for ATP
structure of ATP
a de nine
-
ribose -
& -
Sugarfoundacids
·
triphosphate (Pi(
·
50 sugar
·
known as phosphorylated nucleotide - similar structure to a DNA nucleotide .
HOW ATP releases energy
·
When energy needed by a cell ,
ATp broken down into ADP + P;
↳
hydrolysis reaction -
phosphate bond broken +
energy released
I reaction catalysed by ATP hydrolase
·
ATP hydrolysis can be coupled with other energy requiring reactions In cell . Means energy
released used directly to make coupled reaction happen rather than being lost as heat
.
·
Inorganic phosphate can already be put
released to use -
can be added to another compound-
PHOSPHORYLATION - makes compound more reactive .
ATP can be resynthesised in a condensation reaction between App + Pi happens during resp/
· =
.
photosynthesis + catalysed by ATP synthase
LI
Metabolism-all reactions in body
Anabolism
= making big molecules from small ones
catabolism :
making big molecules into small ones
cell Division
Active Transport = need energy substances ,
more against concentration gradient
Movement-mechanical work , ex. Muscle contraction -
plant+ animal release energy from glucose respiration this energy used to make ATP
·
=
,
.
·
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) able to supply cells with an energy form they can use .
·
For
ATP used energy transfer in all cells in all living things + therefore known as universal
energy currency.
·
Mitochondria through aerobic respiration is responsible for ATP
structure of ATP
a de nine
-
ribose -
& -
Sugarfoundacids
·
triphosphate (Pi(
·
50 sugar
·
known as phosphorylated nucleotide - similar structure to a DNA nucleotide .
HOW ATP releases energy
·
When energy needed by a cell ,
ATp broken down into ADP + P;
↳
hydrolysis reaction -
phosphate bond broken +
energy released
I reaction catalysed by ATP hydrolase
·
ATP hydrolysis can be coupled with other energy requiring reactions In cell . Means energy
released used directly to make coupled reaction happen rather than being lost as heat
.
·
Inorganic phosphate can already be put
released to use -
can be added to another compound-
PHOSPHORYLATION - makes compound more reactive .
ATP can be resynthesised in a condensation reaction between App + Pi happens during resp/
· =
.
photosynthesis + catalysed by ATP synthase
