NUR 265 Exam 1 Questions 2024 With Verified Answers

What is nephrotic syndrome? - right answer--A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted. What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? - right answer---*Massive proteinuria* -*Hypoalbuminemia* -*Edema (facial and periorbital)* -Lipiduria -Hyperlipidemia -Increased coagulation -Reduced kidney function In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what? - right answer--3.5g in 24 hours What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? - right answer---immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based). -ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine) -statins (improve blood lipid levels). -Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function) Describe the "risk" stage for AKI - right answer--creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and GFR reduced by 25% Describe the "injury" stage for AKI - right answer--creatinine x2 & GFR reduced by 50% Describe the "failure" stage for AKI - right answer--creatinine x3 normal, & GFR reduced by 75% (Cant fix) Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. - right answer--Decreased perfusion to kidneys. -NSAIDs -Severe dehydration -Renal artery stenosis -MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output -Blood/ fluid loss Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. - right answer--Tissue damage to the actual kidneys. -Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli