Pharm VATI Exam Questions and Complete Solutioons
Common Adverse Effects: CNS Stimulation - Answer: Risk for seizures
Common Adverse Effects: CNS Depression - Answer: Limit activities, tell client not to drive, respiratory depression.
Common Adverse Effects: Extrapyramidal Symptoms - Answer: Involuntary fine motor tremors, rigidity, uncontrollable restlessness, Acute Dystonias (spastic mvmt, head, neck, eyes, facial area, & limbs.) common w psychotropics, observe for these & notify HCP.
Common Adverse Effects: GI Effects - Answer: Irritation of GI tract, stimulation of the vomiting center, increased peristalsis, GI ulceration, GI bleeding, constipation, diarrhea.
Common Adverse Effects: Hematologic Effects - Answer: Potentially life threatening.
Bone marrow depression/suppression, hemorrhage, teach pt about S&S of bleeding (bruises, discolored urine & stool, petechiae, bleeding from gums) Notify HCP of any.
Common Adverse Effects: Hepatotoxicity - Answer: Liver damage from drugs; impairs drug metabolism & may cause drug toxicity d/t drug accumulation.
Common Adverse Effects: Nephrotoxicity - Answer: Damage to kidneys; interferes w medication excretion & causes drug toxicity.
Common Adverse Effects: Toxicity - Answer: Severe or life threatening.
AE may be d/t excessive dosing OR therapeutic dose.
Common Adverse Effects: Allergic Reactions - Answer: Immune response to medication can range from mild (skin rash) to life threatening (anaphylaxis). Screen for drug allergies prior to drug administration. Common Adverse Effects: Immunosuppression - Answer: Decreased of absent immune response
Mixing Insulin - Answer: Roll in palm of hands to mix & warm.
Inject air equal to the amt of insulin to be removed from the CLOUDY (intermediate or long-acting). remove needle.
Inject air equal to the amt of insulin to be removed from the CLEAR (rapid-acting). invert vial and draw back correct about of CLEAR insulin.
Insert needle back into CLOUDY insulin & remove correct amt.
Central Venous Catheter (CVC) - Answer: Long, hollow tube. Central line is inserted (tunneled) under the
skin of the chest in a vein. The tip of the tube sits in a large vein just above the heart-- superior vena cava. Long term use. X-ray verification.
All Central caths other than PICC lines require PCP for insertion
Tunneled & implanted caths require surgical removal.
Risk for air embolism.
CVC may be internal or external.
Internal Catheters - Answer: Under the skin: Tunneled catheters, Implanted ports.
External Catheters - Answer: A portion of the catheter protrudes from the skin.
Higher chance of developing an infection. -Non tunneled central catheter -Peripherally inserted central catheter
Nontunneled Percutaneous Central Catheters - Answer: 15-20 cm w 1 to 3 lumens.
use up to 3 months.
Locations:
Subclavian vein, Jugular vein, tip in the distal third of the superior vena cava. Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) - Answer: 40-65 cm w single or multiple lumens.
use up to 12 months.
Locations:
Basilic or cephalic vein at least one finger below or above the antecubital fossa; the cath is advanced until the tip is positioned in the lower 1/3 of the superior vena cava. Inserted in the arm vs. the neck or chest.
Can be inserted by specially trained RN.
Tunneled Percutaneous Central Catheter (Hickman, Groshong) - Answer: Need for vascular access is long-term and frequent.
48-104 cm. No dressing is needed since entrance into skin and vein are separate and tissue granulates into cath cuff, providing a barrier. Groshong caths have pressure-sensitive valves to prevent blood reflux & do not require clamp.
Can be used for years.
Implanted Ports - Answer: The need for vascular access is long term (a year or more)
Must access w a noncoring needle (Huber). Must flush after every use and at least once a month.
Location:
Port is surgically implanted into chest wall pocket; the cath is inserted into the subclavian vein w the tip in the superior vena cava. Similar to tunneled vaths but is left entirely under the skin.
Administering Otic medications to an adult: - Answer: Pull the pinna up and back (the external auditory ear canal is "S" shaped.)
Administering Otic medications to a child under 3 years: - Answer: Pull the pinna down and back. (the external auditory ear canal is straight and directed upward.)
Medications to treat Anxiety - Answer: -Benzodiazepine/ Anxiolytic
-Nonbenzodiazepine
Benzodiazepines - Answer: -Diazepam (Valium) -Lorazepam (Ativan)
Common Adverse Effects: CNS Stimulation - Answer: Risk for seizures
Common Adverse Effects: CNS Depression - Answer: Limit activities, tell client not to drive, respiratory depression.
Common Adverse Effects: Extrapyramidal Symptoms - Answer: Involuntary fine motor tremors, rigidity, uncontrollable restlessness, Acute Dystonias (spastic mvmt, head, neck, eyes, facial area, & limbs.) common w psychotropics, observe for these & notify HCP.
Common Adverse Effects: GI Effects - Answer: Irritation of GI tract, stimulation of the vomiting center, increased peristalsis, GI ulceration, GI bleeding, constipation, diarrhea.
Common Adverse Effects: Hematologic Effects - Answer: Potentially life threatening.
Bone marrow depression/suppression, hemorrhage, teach pt about S&S of bleeding (bruises, discolored urine & stool, petechiae, bleeding from gums) Notify HCP of any.
Common Adverse Effects: Hepatotoxicity - Answer: Liver damage from drugs; impairs drug metabolism & may cause drug toxicity d/t drug accumulation.
Common Adverse Effects: Nephrotoxicity - Answer: Damage to kidneys; interferes w medication excretion & causes drug toxicity.
Common Adverse Effects: Toxicity - Answer: Severe or life threatening.
AE may be d/t excessive dosing OR therapeutic dose.
Common Adverse Effects: Allergic Reactions - Answer: Immune response to medication can range from mild (skin rash) to life threatening (anaphylaxis). Screen for drug allergies prior to drug administration. Common Adverse Effects: Immunosuppression - Answer: Decreased of absent immune response
Mixing Insulin - Answer: Roll in palm of hands to mix & warm.
Inject air equal to the amt of insulin to be removed from the CLOUDY (intermediate or long-acting). remove needle.
Inject air equal to the amt of insulin to be removed from the CLEAR (rapid-acting). invert vial and draw back correct about of CLEAR insulin.
Insert needle back into CLOUDY insulin & remove correct amt.
Central Venous Catheter (CVC) - Answer: Long, hollow tube. Central line is inserted (tunneled) under the
skin of the chest in a vein. The tip of the tube sits in a large vein just above the heart-- superior vena cava. Long term use. X-ray verification.
All Central caths other than PICC lines require PCP for insertion
Tunneled & implanted caths require surgical removal.
Risk for air embolism.
CVC may be internal or external.
Internal Catheters - Answer: Under the skin: Tunneled catheters, Implanted ports.
External Catheters - Answer: A portion of the catheter protrudes from the skin.
Higher chance of developing an infection. -Non tunneled central catheter -Peripherally inserted central catheter
Nontunneled Percutaneous Central Catheters - Answer: 15-20 cm w 1 to 3 lumens.
use up to 3 months.
Locations:
Subclavian vein, Jugular vein, tip in the distal third of the superior vena cava. Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) - Answer: 40-65 cm w single or multiple lumens.
use up to 12 months.
Locations:
Basilic or cephalic vein at least one finger below or above the antecubital fossa; the cath is advanced until the tip is positioned in the lower 1/3 of the superior vena cava. Inserted in the arm vs. the neck or chest.
Can be inserted by specially trained RN.
Tunneled Percutaneous Central Catheter (Hickman, Groshong) - Answer: Need for vascular access is long-term and frequent.
48-104 cm. No dressing is needed since entrance into skin and vein are separate and tissue granulates into cath cuff, providing a barrier. Groshong caths have pressure-sensitive valves to prevent blood reflux & do not require clamp.
Can be used for years.
Implanted Ports - Answer: The need for vascular access is long term (a year or more)
Must access w a noncoring needle (Huber). Must flush after every use and at least once a month.
Location:
Port is surgically implanted into chest wall pocket; the cath is inserted into the subclavian vein w the tip in the superior vena cava. Similar to tunneled vaths but is left entirely under the skin.
Administering Otic medications to an adult: - Answer: Pull the pinna up and back (the external auditory ear canal is "S" shaped.)
Administering Otic medications to a child under 3 years: - Answer: Pull the pinna down and back. (the external auditory ear canal is straight and directed upward.)
Medications to treat Anxiety - Answer: -Benzodiazepine/ Anxiolytic
-Nonbenzodiazepine
Benzodiazepines - Answer: -Diazepam (Valium) -Lorazepam (Ativan)
