AP Physics 1 Exam
Displacement (Δx) - ANS-Net change in position
-Measured in meters (m)
Δx = x(f) - x(i)
Velocity (v) - ANS-Speed and direction
-Measured in meters per second (m/s)
average v = Δx/t
Acceleration (a) - ANS-Rate of change of velocity w/ respect to time
-Measured in meters per second squared (m/s^2)
average a = Δv/t
Speeding up vs. Slowing Down - ANS-Speeding up occurs when velocity and acceleration have
the same sign
-Slowing down occurs when velocity and acceleration have opposite signs
Position vs. Time Graph - ANS-Slope represents average velocity
-Object changes direction when graph crosses x-axis
Velocity vs. Time Graph - ANS-Slope represents average acceleration
-Area represents displacement
Acceleration vs. Time Graph - ANS-Area represents change in velocity
Scalars - ANSQuantities with only a size/magnitude (ex: speed, mass, length, temperature,
time, distance, energy, etc.)
Vectors - ANSQuantities with both a size and direction (ex: displacement, velocity, position,
acceleration, force, etc.)
Projectile Motion - ANS-Horizontal and vertical components are independent of each other
-Complementary angles travel same horizontal distance
-Larger angles travel higher and spend more time in air, while smaller angles have greater
horizontal velocities
Force (F) - ANS-A push or pull
-Measured in Newtons (N)
Newton's 1st Law - ANSAn object will move at a constant velocity in a frictionless, airless
vacuum unless another force is exerted on it
, Inertia - ANS-property of an object that resists a change in motion
-measured in mass
Newton's 2nd Law - ANSNet force = mass x acceleration
Newton's 3rd Law - ANSEvery action has an equal and opposite reaction
Normal Force (Fn) - ANSA contact force between force between two hard surfaces
Weight - ANS-Force of gravity on an object
-Depends on mass of object and strength of gravitational field
-Measured in Newtons (N)
Mass - ANS-How much stuff an object is made of
-Mass is independent of location of object
-Measured in kilograms (kg)
Static Friction (Fs) - ANSForce that resists motion of two objects that are stationary relative to
one another
Fs (max) = Us x Fn
Kinetic Friction (Fk) - ANSFriction when two objects slide against each other
Fk = Uk x Fn
Hooke's Law - ANSFs = kΔx, where k is the spring constant
Momentum (p) - ANSp = mv
-Measured in kg x m/s
-momentum is conserved in collisions and explosions
Impulse (J) - ANSJ = Fnet Δt = Δp
-Measured in N x s
Elastic Collisions - ANS-Momentum and kinetic energy are conserved
-Can use equation v1(i) - v2(i) = v2(f) - v1(f)
Inelastic Collisions - ANS-Momentum is conserved BUT kinetic energy is not conserved
-Collision is completely inelastic if objects stick together
Translational Kinetic Energy (K) - ANS-Energy of objects in motion
-Measured in joules
K = 1/2 mv^2
Displacement (Δx) - ANS-Net change in position
-Measured in meters (m)
Δx = x(f) - x(i)
Velocity (v) - ANS-Speed and direction
-Measured in meters per second (m/s)
average v = Δx/t
Acceleration (a) - ANS-Rate of change of velocity w/ respect to time
-Measured in meters per second squared (m/s^2)
average a = Δv/t
Speeding up vs. Slowing Down - ANS-Speeding up occurs when velocity and acceleration have
the same sign
-Slowing down occurs when velocity and acceleration have opposite signs
Position vs. Time Graph - ANS-Slope represents average velocity
-Object changes direction when graph crosses x-axis
Velocity vs. Time Graph - ANS-Slope represents average acceleration
-Area represents displacement
Acceleration vs. Time Graph - ANS-Area represents change in velocity
Scalars - ANSQuantities with only a size/magnitude (ex: speed, mass, length, temperature,
time, distance, energy, etc.)
Vectors - ANSQuantities with both a size and direction (ex: displacement, velocity, position,
acceleration, force, etc.)
Projectile Motion - ANS-Horizontal and vertical components are independent of each other
-Complementary angles travel same horizontal distance
-Larger angles travel higher and spend more time in air, while smaller angles have greater
horizontal velocities
Force (F) - ANS-A push or pull
-Measured in Newtons (N)
Newton's 1st Law - ANSAn object will move at a constant velocity in a frictionless, airless
vacuum unless another force is exerted on it
, Inertia - ANS-property of an object that resists a change in motion
-measured in mass
Newton's 2nd Law - ANSNet force = mass x acceleration
Newton's 3rd Law - ANSEvery action has an equal and opposite reaction
Normal Force (Fn) - ANSA contact force between force between two hard surfaces
Weight - ANS-Force of gravity on an object
-Depends on mass of object and strength of gravitational field
-Measured in Newtons (N)
Mass - ANS-How much stuff an object is made of
-Mass is independent of location of object
-Measured in kilograms (kg)
Static Friction (Fs) - ANSForce that resists motion of two objects that are stationary relative to
one another
Fs (max) = Us x Fn
Kinetic Friction (Fk) - ANSFriction when two objects slide against each other
Fk = Uk x Fn
Hooke's Law - ANSFs = kΔx, where k is the spring constant
Momentum (p) - ANSp = mv
-Measured in kg x m/s
-momentum is conserved in collisions and explosions
Impulse (J) - ANSJ = Fnet Δt = Δp
-Measured in N x s
Elastic Collisions - ANS-Momentum and kinetic energy are conserved
-Can use equation v1(i) - v2(i) = v2(f) - v1(f)
Inelastic Collisions - ANS-Momentum is conserved BUT kinetic energy is not conserved
-Collision is completely inelastic if objects stick together
Translational Kinetic Energy (K) - ANS-Energy of objects in motion
-Measured in joules
K = 1/2 mv^2
