EDEXCEL CHEMISTRY PAPER 2: FINAL EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR 2024/2025

What are the group 1 metals known as? - Ans .The Alkali Metals Reactivity within the groups: - Ans .Alkali metals: reactivity increases as you go down, melting point/boiling point decreases as you go down Halogens: reactivity decreases as you go down and melting point/boiling point increases as you go down What properties do the group 1 metals have? - Ans .They all have similar properties as they all have one outer shell electron that is lost readily to form a +1 ion. They all have: - a low melting point compared to other metals - are very soft and malleable (because the layers of delocalised electrons can slide over each other) Describe the reactivity pattern of the group 1 metals. - Ans .The quicker an atom looses it's outer shell electron, the more reactive it is. This means that reactivity increases as you go down the group. This is because as you go down, the atoms all have an increasing number of outer shell electrons. This means that the outer most electron is further from the positive nucleus so they are less attracted to each other and therefore the outer shell electron is easier to loose. What is the reaction between an alkali metal and water? - Ans .Alkali metal + water - hydroxide + hydrogen How does lithium react with water? - Ans .Lithium will move around the surface, fizzing vigorously How does sodium react with water? - Ans .Sodium will also move around the surface fizzing vigorously but it will move faster and the heat generated in the reaction will cause the sodium to melt into a ball. There may also be an orange flame due to the ignition of the hydrogen produced in the reaction. How does potassium react with water? - Ans .Potassium will move very fast around the surface of the water, fizzing very vigorously and will also melt to form a ball of potassium. A lilac flame may be produced. What are the group 7 elements known as? - Ans .The halogens What are the properties of the halogens? - Ans .As all the halogens have seven outer shell electrons, they have similar properties. They can exist in ionic bonds or can covalently bond with other atoms of the same element to form diatomic molecules. As you go down the group, the melting points and boiling points increase. What is chlorine like at room temperature? - Ans .Chlorine is a poisonous green gas - it is toxic What is bromine like at room temperature? - Ans .Bromine is a poisonous red/brown liquid that gives off an orange vapour What is iodine like at room temperature? - Ans .Iodine is a dark grey crystalline solid which gives off a purple vapour How do you test for chlorine? - Ans .You test for chlorine by using damp blue litmus paper. If chlorine is present then the litmus will bleach white. It may turn red for a moment due to the acidity of the chlorine What is the reactivity pattern of the halogens? - Ans .The reactivity decreases down the group. This is because a halogen atom only needs to gain one electron to complete it's shell. The easier it is for the halogen to attract this electron the more reactive it will be. As you go down the group, the halogens become less reactive as the atomic radius is larger and the negative electrons are less attracted to the positive nucleus. What is the reaction between halogens and metals? - Ans .Halogen + Metal - Metal halide What is the reaction between halogens and hydrogen? - Ans .Halogen + Hydrogen - Hydrogen Halides