General Chemistry Questions & Answers

General Chemistry Questions & Answers An atoms mass... - CORRECT ANSWER - An atoms mass is equal to the combined masses of its protons and neutrons, which are located in the nucleus D- orbitals are shaped like what? - CORRECT ANSWER - Four leaf clovers, except for the fifth one which has a donut wrapped around a dumbell Decribe oxygen groups - also called chalcogens - CORRECT ANSWER - -There are two forms of molecular oxygen: O2 and O3 - O2 is a good oxidizing agent (oxidant) and O3 is an even better oxidizing agent - Metals like to react with oxygen to form metal oxides Describe Alaline earth metals (group 2) - CORRECT ANSWER - -Also have low ionization energies, but not as low as alkali metals - Do react with H2O, but not as violently as you alkali metals -Generally get more reactive with H2O as you go down the group Describe Alkali Metals (group 1) - CORRECT ANSWER - -Low ionization energies (easy to remove an electron from them) because they want to loose their outermost electron, so that they can shift to the left an dfeel like the nearest noble gas. It is a lot easier to shift left than right for elements in group 1. - Very reactive with water - readily form ionic compounds - EXAM TIP: when alkali metals react with water, they do this M (s) + H2O (l) --- MOH(aq) + 1/2H2 (g) In this reaction, the H on H2O gets reduced to H2 gas. This reaction is very exothermic Describe halogens - CORRECT ANSWER - -High electronegativities and electron affinities (they have the highest "thirst" for electrons) - They are only one valence electron away from having a full octet -Thus, they are easliy reduced and really want to have an extra electron - Highly reactive with metals, good oxidizing agents Describe noble gases - CORRECT ANSWER - - Inert (unreactive) gases; they have a full octet and are happy