Sociology Final Straighterline Exam Questions and Complete Solution

Sociology Final Straighterline Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Sociology - Answer: scientific study of patterns and processes of social life in all its major areas Theoretical Frameworks of Sociology - Answer: Functionalist Conflict Interactionist Sociological Imagination - Answer: awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society Socialization - Answer: process of social interaction by which people acquire knowledge, attitudes, values and behaviors agents of socialization - Answer: family, peers, school, mass media Sociological Theory - Answer: a set of ideas that explains a range of human behavior and a variety of social and societal events Culture - Answer: social heritage of a people - learned patterns of thinking, feeling and acting passed on to generations (customs) society - Answer: A community of people who share a common culture Culture in Flux - Answer: Subculture - Answer: A group whose members participate in the main culture of a society while simultaneously sharing a number of unique values, norms, traditions, and lifestyles. Counterculture - Answer: A sub- culture whose norms and values are substantially at odds with those of the larger society. Ethnocentrism - Answer: Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group. role - Answer: a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave Statuses - Answer: positions in society that are used to classify individuals Groups - Answer: 2 or more people unified by patterns of social interaction social structure - Answer: The interweaving of people's interactions and relationships in more or less recurrent and stable patterns. Parts of Complex Societies - Answer: civilizations, which share many features, including having a dense population, an agriculture-based economy, a social hierarchy, a division of labor and specialization, a centralized government, monuments, record-keeping and writing family structure - Answer: The legal and genetic relationships among relatives living in the same home; includes nuclear family, extended family, stepfamily, and so on. Challenges to Family - Answer: Government - Answer: The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies Economic Systems - Answer: Political Systems - Answer: Religion - Answer: the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods. education - Answer: the process through which academic, social, and cultural ideas and tools, both general and specific, are developed Health Care - Answer: social stratification - Answer: The structural ranking of individuals and groups; their grading into hierarchical layers of strata. social stratification theory - Answer: A description of a hierarchical system that not only positions poverty and economic characteristics of groups in our society, but involves sociopolitical relationships as well poverty - Answer: the state of being poor social mobility - Answer: Movement of individuals or groups from one position in a society's stratification system to another Race - Answer: Identity with a group of people descended from a common ancestor. minority - Answer: any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural difference that a society sets apart and subordinates collective behavior - Answer: ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that develop among a large number of people and that are relatively spontaneous and unstructured. social movement - Answer: A movement that represents the demands of a large segment of the public for political, economic, or social change. The Scientific Method - Answer: A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions. Interpretivism - Answer: a research perspective in which understanding and interpretation of the social world is derived from one's personal intuition and perspective