NSG4330 - Midterm #2 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

NSG4330 - Midterm #2 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass BUN - Correct Answer️️ -Measurement of how well your body is clearing urea (which is end product of protein metabolism) Affected by fluid and diet 10-20 mg/dL Creatinine - Correct Answer️️ -Product of muscle metabolism Not affected by fluid and diet Liver Function - Correct Answer️️ -Macronutrient Metabolism (protein b/d = ammonia, which converts to urea) Drug Metabolism Vitamin Storage (glucose, iron, A, B, D) Bile Production Kupffer Cells - Correct Answer️️ -Line liver capillaries Macrophages b/d hgb and ingests old RBCs for iron Viral HepatitisSmart PDF Basics - Correct Answer️️ -inflammation and necrosis of hepatic cells caused by cytotoxic cytokines + natural killer cells (from viral invasion) Obstructs bile flow which causes backflow. Viral Hepatitis Diagnosis - Correct Answer️️ -Serology to confirm antigen presence (IgM- acute infx; IgG- past) *For Hep C, must test for active replication via PCR* Labs: Liver enzymes show generalized inflammation LFTs (incr bili and PT/INR... decr albumin and platelets) Clinical Findings: Rash, angioedema (lips and eyes), arthritis, fever, malaise, RUQ pain Toxic/Drug Induced Hepatitis - Correct Answer️️ -Toxic: ingest/inhale toxic substances (glue, insecticides, work exposure) Drug: acetaminophen, aspirin, statins Symptoms: n/v, hepato/splenomegaly, GI sx, jaundice, RUQ painSmart PDF Tx: remove cause, gastric lavage, minimal meds, lactulose for ammonia excretion, hydrate, low fat/mod protein/high CHO/calorie Cirrhosis - Correct Answer️️ -Chronic degeneration disease of the liver, cells replaced with scar tissue. Types: 1. Alcoholic 2. Post-necrotic (acute viral) 3. Biliary (chronic obstruction/infx) Clinical Manifestations: dull abd pain in RUQ, n/v, dyspepsia) Jaundice - Correct Answer️️ -Yellowing of the skin caused by an accumulation of bilirubin in the blood from decr liver fxn. Can also cause pruritus from bile salt accumulation on skin Portal Hypertension - Correct Answer️️ -Increase in venous pressure portal circulation due to obstructed blood flow through the liver. Veins enlarge causing varices and ascites. Complication of cirrhosis Esophageal Varices - Correct Answer️️ -Swollen veins in esophagus due to increased pressure. Can cause massive hemorrhage/bleeding if ruptured.Smart PDF Complication of portal hypertension Found in 1/3 of cirrhosis pts, 45-50% mortality rate