NSG4330 Weeks 1-4 (Resp Failure, ACS, HF, Renal Failure) Practice Questions and Answers

NSG4330 Weeks 1-4 (Resp Failure, ACS, HF, Renal Failure) Practice Questions and Answers What are the 3 processes of effective gas exchange? - Correct Answer️️ -Ventilation, perfusion, diffusion - any problems can result in Hypoxemia or Hypercarbia What is Respiratory failure? - Correct Answer️️ --one of both gas exchanging functions are inadequate - amount of O2 transferred to blood is insufficient (hypoxemia) or amount of CO2 removed from lungs is inadequate (hypercapnia) Definition of hypoxemic Resp failure? - Correct Answer️️ -PaO2 60mmHg on 60% O2 (FiO2 .60) Definition of hypercapnic Resp failure? - Correct Answer️️ -PaCO2 45mmHg in combination with academia pH 7.35 Types of ventilation-perfusion relationships - Correct Answer️️ -Normal, VQ mismatch, absolute shunt, deadspace, diffusion limitation, alveolar hypoventilation Diagnostic studies for Resp failure? - Correct Answer️️ -ABGs, CXR, CBC, Lytes, Urinalysis, ECG Specific manifestations for Hypoxemia - Correct Answer️️ -decreased SPO2, dyspnea, intercostal muscle retraction, prolonged expiration, tachypnea, cyanosis (late), paradoxical (late) Specific manifestations of hypercapnia? - Correct Answer️️ -Dysnpea, decreased minute ventilation, decreased resp rate or increased rate with shallow resps, decreased tidal volume.Smart PDF Primary goal of O2 therapy? - Correct Answer️️ -Correct hypoxemia What are the indications for mechanical ventilation? - Correct Answer️️ -Apnea or impending inability to protect airway, acute respiratory failure, severe hypoxia, respiratory muscle fatigue What is ARDS? - Correct Answer️️ -Sudden and progressive acute respiratory failure - see progressive symptomology, worsening PaO2/FiO2 ratio and whiteout/white lung 300 = mild ARDS 200 = moderate ARDS 100 = severe ARDS - Correct Answer️️ -divide PaO2 / FiO2 Manifestations of pnehmothorax - Correct Answer️️ -No breath sounds over affected area with or without hyperresonance. CXR shows air and or fluid in pleura space. S&S of pleural effusion - Correct Answer️️ -progressive dyspnea, decreased chest wall movement, pleuritic pain, absent or distant breath sounds, dullness on percussion, CXR250mL VTE signs and symptoms - Correct Answer️️ -Unilateral leg edema, pain in the extremity, sense of fullness, paresthesia, warm skin, ehythema, fever Tests of blood coagulation - Correct Answer️️ -INR Normal: 0.75-1.25, therapeutic 2-3 aPTT 25-35 sec. Therapeutic 46-70 sec ACT 70-120 sec. Therapeutic 300 sec PAtients taking anticoagulants should avoid taking - Correct Answer️️ -ASA (Aspirin) and NSAIDsSmart PDF Clinical manifestations of a pulmonary embolism - Correct Answer️️ -Classic triad: Dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis (coughing up blood) Also anxiety, feeling of impending doom, sudden onset of unexplained dyspnea/tachypnea/tachycardia Diagnostic tests for a PE? - Correct Answer️️ -spiral CT, V/Q (ventilation perfusion scan), pulmonary angiogram, ABGs, d-dimer BLOOD GAS NORMALS - Correct Answer️️ -pH 7.35 - 7.45 PaCO2 45-35 mmHg HCO3 22 - 26 What is Coronary Artery Disease? - Correct Answer️️ -type of b