Ling 1020 Snyder Final Exam Questions And Answers Latest Updates

real time - right answer--passing of years, hours minutes apparent time - right answer--measured by abstracting the way speakers of different ages talk at a single point in time assumption of real time studies - right answer--speakers only minimally change the way they speak after the critical period in adulthood corpora - right answer--collection of written texts (singular: corpus) panel study (real time) - right answer--studies of variation across real time when participants are held constant trend study (real time) - right answer--involves comparing speech from members of the same community at different points in time apparent time studies - right answer--comparing the speech of speakers of different ages within a community at a single point in time critical period - right answer--the period during which language learning seems to be easiest; that is, in childhood and for some people going into early adolescence real time tests of the apparent time construct - right answer--follow same individuals over a period of real time important for empirical and theoretical reasons because provide check on validity of apparent time construct - how stable is individual speaker's linguistic system once past critical period? lifespan change - right answer--not all linguistic variables behave the same across a speaker's lifespan which is more stable, phonology (sounds) or vocabulary? - right answer--phonology generational change - right answer--each generation in a community shows progressively more frequent use of a variant. a change can be inferred to be taking place on the basis of apparent time evidence is a generational change lifespan change - right answer--Gillian Sankoff - changes to a speaker's pronunciation/grammar that take place after the critical period, severely restricted in form, generally only move in direction of community overall (well-attested for vocabulary)