The Enlightenment Questions

These ideas of Catherine the Great of Russia originated during the (1) Age of Exploration (2) Age of Enlightenment (3) Protestant Reformation (4) French Revolution - (2) Age of Enlightenment ... Nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separate from legislative power and from executive power. If it were joined to legislative power, the power over the life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge would be the legislator. If it were joined to executive power, the judge could have the force of an oppressor.... —Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws In this passage, Montesquieu is making reference to (1) an enlightened despotism (2) a policy of mercantilism (3) a separation of powers (4) a social contract - (3) a separation of powers "If man in the state of nature is free, if he is absolute lord of his own person and possessions, why will he give up his freedom? Why will he put himself under the control of any person or institution? The obvious answer is that rights in the state of nature are constantly exposed to the attack of others. Since every man is equal and since most men do not concern themselves with equity and justice, the enjoyment of rights in the state of nature is unsafe and insecure. Hence each man joins in society with others to preserve his life, liberty, and property.