MCB 2010C Microbiology Exam
1 chapter 1, 3, 4 &5 real & 100% correct
Microbiology
Specialized area of biology that deals with organisms ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.
Microorganisms
A living thing ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.
Classification
Orderly arrangement of organisms into groups.
Nomenclature
System of assigning names.
Binomial nomenclature
Two-name system of naming organisms (Latin, Greek). Two names: Genus, species. It's always underlined or
italicized. Genus first letter always capitalized, species not capitalized. Once it's been mentioned, the genus
name can be shortened.
Acellular organisms
Viruses. Exist without a cellular structure.
Cellular organisms
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes
Organisms whose genetic material is not enclosed in membrane and lack specific organelles including a nucleus
(bacteria).
Eukaryotes
Organisms whose genetic material is enclosed in nucleus (fungi, protozoa, algae).
Prokaryotes versus Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells, and in addition to lacking a nucleus, they lack other complex
internal compartments called organelles. All prokaryotes are microorganisms while only some eukaryotes are
microorganisms (including algae, protozoa, molds and yeasts- and even anthropods).
, MCB 2010C Microbiology Exam
1 chapter 1, 3, 4 &5 real & 100% correct
Binary fission
The way bacteria reproduce. Splitting of a parent cell into two equal parts.
Mycology
The study of fungi.
Phycology
The study of simple photosynthetic eukaryotes (algae) ranging from single celled forms to large seaweeds.
Pathogen
Disease causing agents.
Genetic engineering
Manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals for the purpose of creating new products and
genetically modified organisms.
Recombinant DNA
Switch DNA from one organism to another to design new organisms.
Lactic acid bacteria
Dairy products, yogurt and cheese.
Curds
Solid chunks of day old milk, (fats and proteins etc. used in cheese) and whey (mostly water). A gallon of milk
yields only about 1.25 pounds of cheese (weight lost is water).
Whey
Liquid part of day old milk, mostly water.
Rennin
Turn caseinogens to casein.
Curdling
Products cause milk to separate into curds (the milk solids, fats, proteins, etc.
, MCB 2010C Microbiology Exam
1 chapter 1, 3, 4 &5 real & 100% correct
Scientific method
Approach taken by scientists to explain a certain natural phenomenon.
Hypothesis
A tentative explanation or statement to account for what is observed or measured.
Theory
Hypothesis backed by growing data.
Spontaneous generation
Life can rise from nonliving material.
Cell theory
All things are made of cells.
Biogenesis
the production of living organisms from other living organisms
Fermentation
Organisms convert sugar into alcohol or acid (vinegar). Using bacterial/fungal enzymes, convert food substrate
from one form to another. Aid in slow food spoilage. Foods use it for flavor and other properties. Fermentation
products include Lactic acid, acetic acid, yeast, etc.
Pasteurization
To kill organisms by heat, some spoiling agents still stay.
Germ theory of disease
Theory that microbes can invade other organisms and cause diseases.
Koch's postulates
Set of procedures to determine if a microbe causes a certain disease. Verified the germ theory of disease.
Aseptic technique
, MCB 2010C Microbiology Exam
1 chapter 1, 3, 4 &5 real & 100% correct
Aimed at reducing microbes in a medical setting and preventing wound infections. Lister proposed the idea of
aspetic techniques and the importance of hand washing and equipment sterilization.
Chemotherapy
Treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances. Now problem with drug resistance.
Synthetic drugs
Chemical substances made in a lab.
Antibiotics
Chemical substance made by microbes.
General sizes of macroscopic organisms?
1 mm
Size of Microscopic organisms?
1 um to 100 um
Size of Viruses?
10 nm to 100 nm
What are the 3 domains used in the Woese-Fox system of classification?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya.
Which domain are fungi members of?
Eukarya
Which domain are Protozoa?
Eukarya
Which domain are Algae?
Eukarya
1 chapter 1, 3, 4 &5 real & 100% correct
Microbiology
Specialized area of biology that deals with organisms ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.
Microorganisms
A living thing ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.
Classification
Orderly arrangement of organisms into groups.
Nomenclature
System of assigning names.
Binomial nomenclature
Two-name system of naming organisms (Latin, Greek). Two names: Genus, species. It's always underlined or
italicized. Genus first letter always capitalized, species not capitalized. Once it's been mentioned, the genus
name can be shortened.
Acellular organisms
Viruses. Exist without a cellular structure.
Cellular organisms
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes
Organisms whose genetic material is not enclosed in membrane and lack specific organelles including a nucleus
(bacteria).
Eukaryotes
Organisms whose genetic material is enclosed in nucleus (fungi, protozoa, algae).
Prokaryotes versus Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells, and in addition to lacking a nucleus, they lack other complex
internal compartments called organelles. All prokaryotes are microorganisms while only some eukaryotes are
microorganisms (including algae, protozoa, molds and yeasts- and even anthropods).
, MCB 2010C Microbiology Exam
1 chapter 1, 3, 4 &5 real & 100% correct
Binary fission
The way bacteria reproduce. Splitting of a parent cell into two equal parts.
Mycology
The study of fungi.
Phycology
The study of simple photosynthetic eukaryotes (algae) ranging from single celled forms to large seaweeds.
Pathogen
Disease causing agents.
Genetic engineering
Manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals for the purpose of creating new products and
genetically modified organisms.
Recombinant DNA
Switch DNA from one organism to another to design new organisms.
Lactic acid bacteria
Dairy products, yogurt and cheese.
Curds
Solid chunks of day old milk, (fats and proteins etc. used in cheese) and whey (mostly water). A gallon of milk
yields only about 1.25 pounds of cheese (weight lost is water).
Whey
Liquid part of day old milk, mostly water.
Rennin
Turn caseinogens to casein.
Curdling
Products cause milk to separate into curds (the milk solids, fats, proteins, etc.
, MCB 2010C Microbiology Exam
1 chapter 1, 3, 4 &5 real & 100% correct
Scientific method
Approach taken by scientists to explain a certain natural phenomenon.
Hypothesis
A tentative explanation or statement to account for what is observed or measured.
Theory
Hypothesis backed by growing data.
Spontaneous generation
Life can rise from nonliving material.
Cell theory
All things are made of cells.
Biogenesis
the production of living organisms from other living organisms
Fermentation
Organisms convert sugar into alcohol or acid (vinegar). Using bacterial/fungal enzymes, convert food substrate
from one form to another. Aid in slow food spoilage. Foods use it for flavor and other properties. Fermentation
products include Lactic acid, acetic acid, yeast, etc.
Pasteurization
To kill organisms by heat, some spoiling agents still stay.
Germ theory of disease
Theory that microbes can invade other organisms and cause diseases.
Koch's postulates
Set of procedures to determine if a microbe causes a certain disease. Verified the germ theory of disease.
Aseptic technique
, MCB 2010C Microbiology Exam
1 chapter 1, 3, 4 &5 real & 100% correct
Aimed at reducing microbes in a medical setting and preventing wound infections. Lister proposed the idea of
aspetic techniques and the importance of hand washing and equipment sterilization.
Chemotherapy
Treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances. Now problem with drug resistance.
Synthetic drugs
Chemical substances made in a lab.
Antibiotics
Chemical substance made by microbes.
General sizes of macroscopic organisms?
1 mm
Size of Microscopic organisms?
1 um to 100 um
Size of Viruses?
10 nm to 100 nm
What are the 3 domains used in the Woese-Fox system of classification?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya.
Which domain are fungi members of?
Eukarya
Which domain are Protozoa?
Eukarya
Which domain are Algae?
Eukarya
