MCAT Biology - Chapter 1: The Cell Questions and Answers

MCAT Biology - Chapter 1: The Cell Questions and Answers Robert Hooke - Correct Answer️️ -Created the first microscope to visualize cells Also, Hooke's Law (F=-kx) Cell Theory - Correct Answer️️ -1. All living things are composed of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things 3. New cells are produced from existing cells More Recent Addition: 4. Cells carry genetic information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This genetic material is passed on from parent to daughter cell. serial endosymbiosis theory - Correct Answer️️ -attempts to explain the formation of some of the membrane bound organelles posits that these organelles formed by engulfing of one prokaryote by another and the establishment of a symbiotic relationship between the two in addition to mitochondria, chloroplasts in plant cells and organelles of motility (flagella) are believed to have evolved through this process Cilia - Correct Answer️️ -Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion eukaryotic have a 9+2 Structure Flagella - Correct Answer️️ -structures involved in the movement of the cell eukaryotic have a 9+2 Structure 9+2 structure of cilia and flagella - Correct Answer️️ -Eukaryotic cilia and flagella have 9 pairs of microtubules creating an outer ring which surrounds two microtubules in the center Centrioles - Correct Answer️️ -Structures located in the centrosome organizing centers for microtubules nine triplets of microtubules surrounding a hollow core Nucleus - Correct Answer️️ -Stores genetic information Site of transcription Mitochondria - Correct Answer️️ -Involved in ATP production and apoptosis Lysosomes - Correct Answer️️ -break down cellular waste products and endocytosed molecules also involved in apoptosis Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - Correct Answer️️ -lipid synthesis detoxification Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) - Correct Answer️️ -synthesizes proteins Golgi apparatus - Correct Answer️️ -Packages, modifies, and distributes cellular products Peroxisomes - Correct Answer️️ -break down fatty acids synthesize lipids contribute to the pentose phosphate pathway produce hydrogen peroxide A child is diagnosed with an enzyme deficiency that prevents the production of hydrogen peroxide. What would the likely outcome be of such a deficiency? - Correct Answer️️ -Peroxisome would not be able to digest long chain