Chapter 1: An Overview of Immunology
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The “father” of immunology is generally considered to be:
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B
Louis Pasteur is considered to be the “father of immunology.”
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 2
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the:
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans.
ANS: C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling
dried powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 2
,3. A specific function of the immune system is to:
a. recognize self from nonself.
b. defend the body against nonself.
c. amplify specific functions.
d. both a and b.
ANS: D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body
against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has
nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific
components of the immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear
leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 3
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is:
a. natural resistance.
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases.
c. an autoimmune disorder.
d. recovery from infectious disease.
ANS: C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and
acquired resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune
system can cause many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include
allergy, rejection of a transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 3
,5. The first line of defense against infection is:
a. unbroken skin or mucous membranes.
b. phagocytosis.
c. antibody production.
d. antigen recognition.
ANS: A
The first line of defense, or first barrier to infection, is unbroken skin and mucosal
membrane surfaces.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 3
6. If microorganisms penetrate the first line of defense, a second line of _______________
forms defense mechanisms that become operational.
a. cellular components
b. humoral components
c. secretions
d. both a and b
ANS: D
If a microorganism penetrates the skin or mucosal membranes, a second line of cellular
and humoral defense mechanisms becomes operational. Secretions are an important
component in the first line of defense against microbial invasion.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 4
7. A specific component of the adaptive immune system formed in response to antigenic
stimulation is:
a. complement.
, b. immunoglobulin.
c. increased secretion of mucus.
d. enhanced phagocytosis.
ANS: B
If specific antibodies have been formed to antigenic stimulation, they are available to
protect the body against foreign substances. The recognition of foreign substances and
subsequent production of antibodies to these substances defines immunity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 4
8. Acquired immunity can result from:
a. vaccination.
b. contracting a disease.
c. genetic inheritance.
d. both a and b.
ANS: D
Antibody-mediated immunity to infection can be acquired if the antibodies are formed by
the host or if they are received from another source; these two types of acquired
immunity are called active immunity and passive immunity, respectively.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 5
9. A child who contracts a contagious disease from an older sibling could develop
__________________ immunity against the disease.
a. natural active
b. artificial active
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The “father” of immunology is generally considered to be:
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B
Louis Pasteur is considered to be the “father of immunology.”
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 2
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the:
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans.
ANS: C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling
dried powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 2
,3. A specific function of the immune system is to:
a. recognize self from nonself.
b. defend the body against nonself.
c. amplify specific functions.
d. both a and b.
ANS: D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body
against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has
nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific
components of the immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear
leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 3
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is:
a. natural resistance.
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases.
c. an autoimmune disorder.
d. recovery from infectious disease.
ANS: C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and
acquired resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune
system can cause many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include
allergy, rejection of a transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 3
,5. The first line of defense against infection is:
a. unbroken skin or mucous membranes.
b. phagocytosis.
c. antibody production.
d. antigen recognition.
ANS: A
The first line of defense, or first barrier to infection, is unbroken skin and mucosal
membrane surfaces.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 3
6. If microorganisms penetrate the first line of defense, a second line of _______________
forms defense mechanisms that become operational.
a. cellular components
b. humoral components
c. secretions
d. both a and b
ANS: D
If a microorganism penetrates the skin or mucosal membranes, a second line of cellular
and humoral defense mechanisms becomes operational. Secretions are an important
component in the first line of defense against microbial invasion.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 4
7. A specific component of the adaptive immune system formed in response to antigenic
stimulation is:
a. complement.
, b. immunoglobulin.
c. increased secretion of mucus.
d. enhanced phagocytosis.
ANS: B
If specific antibodies have been formed to antigenic stimulation, they are available to
protect the body against foreign substances. The recognition of foreign substances and
subsequent production of antibodies to these substances defines immunity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 4
8. Acquired immunity can result from:
a. vaccination.
b. contracting a disease.
c. genetic inheritance.
d. both a and b.
ANS: D
Antibody-mediated immunity to infection can be acquired if the antibodies are formed by
the host or if they are received from another source; these two types of acquired
immunity are called active immunity and passive immunity, respectively.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I REF: p. 5
9. A child who contracts a contagious disease from an older sibling could develop
__________________ immunity against the disease.
a. natural active
b. artificial active
