Small Animals - NAVLE Questions & Answers Already Passed!!

Cataracts are opacity of the ___ - lens! Causes of transudate vs modified transudate. Give specific examples too, - Transudate - increased hydrostatic pressure or dec in oncotic pressure (kidney dz, liver dz, PLE) Modified transudate - inflammation or lymph material contaminating transudate (R-CHF, peritonitis, lymphocytic/plasmacytic cholangiohepatitis, neoplasia) describe caval syndrome - When a patient with HW disease has obstruction of blood flow by the pulmonary artery +/- right ventricle How long does it take for heartworm to travel to the pulmonary arteries? How long to mature and migrate to the right ventrcile? - 3 months 3 months again How long is the life cycle of heartworm? - 6 months Transudate vs modified transudate. - Transudate - low protein count Modified transudate - higher protein count transudate vs. exudate - transudate is hypocellular and protein poor exudate is cellular and protein rich True or false. A patient does not necessarily have to lose conscious to be considered an episode of syncope. - False! True or false. Cataracts in dogs can be caused by diabetes mellitus. - True!True or false. Caval syndrome can be fatal if the worms are not removed. - True! What are 2 types of ways to diagnose HW infection in a patient? - 1. Search for antigens (ADULT FEMALE WORMS) 2. Search for microfilaria on a blood slide What do cataracts consist of? - Proteins and fibers of the lens that have broken down and clumped together What is the equation for the anion gap? What does an elevated anion gap mean? - (Na + K) - (HCO3 + Cl) elevated means ACIDOTIC What is the host for Baylisascaris Procyonis infection? What type of disease does it cause in dogs? - Racoons Causes neurological disease. What is the VAGUE cause of syncope? Give some specific examples - Poor cardiac output First rule out cardiac disease (cardiovascular or cardiomyopathy dz) drugs, toxins, infections, tumors, parasites (HW dz), embolism, narrowed arteries What type of drugs are used to PREVENT HW infection? What do they do? - Macrolides - kill larvae stagesWhat types of drugs are used to completely treat HW disease and what does each type do? - 1. Doxy - Wabalchia 2. Macrolides - kill larvae 3. Melarsormine - kill adults Where does heartworm like to hang out? - Pulmonary artery and right ventricle Where else does ALT comes from? AST? - ALT - Muscle and brain