MCAT Biology TPR Revision Questions with Complete solutions

four biological molecules - Anscarbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids form polymers from monomers - Ansdehydration synthesis (condensation) to form monomers - Anshydrolysis monomer is a - Ansamino acid Non polar amino acids (hydrophobic) - AnsGlycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Proline polar amino acids - AnsSerine, Threonine, Cysteine, Tyrosine, Asparagine, Glutamine Acidic amino acids - Ansaspartic acid, glutamic acid basic amino acids - Anslysine, arginine, histidine protein primary structure - Anssequence of amino acids secondary protein structure - Ansoccurs when the sequence of amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds alpha or beta pleated tertiary protein structure - Ans3D folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions quaternary protein structure - Ansinteractions between multiple polypeptide subunits Carbohydrate formula - AnsC6H12O6 3 common monosaccharides - Ansglucose fructose galactose 3 common disaccharides - Ansmannose sucrose lactose disaccharide formula - AnsC12H22O11 common polysaccharides - Ansstarch, glycogen, cellulose starch - Ansstorage form of glucose in plants glycogen - Ansstorage form of glucose in animals Cellulose - AnsCarbohydrate component of plant cell walls. Functions of Carbohydrates - Ans- cellular energy - cell surface markers - adhesion lipids are - Anshydrophobic consist of oxygen hydrogen and carbon chains saturated lipid - Anssolid at room temp decrease fluidity stack together unsaturated lipid - Ansliquid at room temperature increase fluidity consist of double bonds 4 forms of lipids in the body - Ans1. triglycerides 2. terpenes 3. phospholipids 4. cholesterol Triglycerides - Ans3 fatty acids attached to glycerol stores energy in body Phospholipids - Ans2 fatty acids and a phosphate group are attached to glycerol cell membrane Terpenes - Ansbuilt from isoprene units (at least 2) squalene is a triterpene precursor for cholesterol, earwax, steroids, vitamin A cholesterol - Ans4 ring structure bile salts, steroid precursor, vitamin D Gibbs free energy equation - AnsΔG = ΔH - TΔS negative delta G - Ansspontaneous, exergonic positive delta G - Ansnon-spontaneous, endergonic reaction coupling - AnsVery favorable reaction is used to drive an unfavorable one add the two reactions togethe