RESEARCH METHODS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS #4
Why do a survey? - correct answer 1. Allows for quick, cheep collection of a lot of data
2. Quickly investigates many types of questions 3. May be the best way to ask some
questions
A survey is - correct answer a snapshot of a person at a given time
Advantages of a survey - correct answer can track changes by comparison over
multiple surveys, some questions are time specific, may need to look over many times
to investigate certain questions involving stable variables
Types of questions you should avoid asking in a survey - correct answer confusing
wording, loaded questions, overly complex questions
Response set - correct answer a tendency to respond to all questions from a particular
perspective rather than to provide answers that are directly related to the questions
Types of response sets - correct answer faking good, all true, all false, all highest/lowest
Reasons for response sets - correct answer respondents didn't adequately consider
questions, didn't adequately understand questions, wanted to seem more desirable to
researcher, didn't trust researcher
How to check for response sets - correct answer switch the direction of the questions,
create questions so that consistent agreement or disagreement is not likely
Interviewer bias - correct answer when the interviewer might unintentionally encourage
respondents to respond in certain ways or might ask questions that lead to certain
answers
Two kinds of sampling techniques - correct answer probability sampling, non-probability
sampling
Probability sampling - correct answer each member has an equal chance of
participating
Types of probability sampling - correct answer simple random sampling, stratified
sampling, cluster sampling
Simple random sampling - correct answer every person in population has an equal
chance of participating
Stratified random sampling - correct answer population divided into groups, then
persons are randomly chosen from these groups
, Cluster sampling - correct answer everyone is a potential participant, divided into
clusters and clusters are randomly chosen
Non-probability sampling - correct answer little effort is expended to ensure the sample
accurately represents the population
Types of non-probability sampling - correct answer haphazard sampling, purpose
sampling, quota sampling
Haphazard sampling - correct answer no attempts to randomize sample
Purposive sampling - correct answer recruiting based on a screening criterion
Quota sampling - correct answer participants recruited as encountered, inclusion based
on predetermined percentages and is stopped once quota is met
Experimental design - correct answer clearly defined iv and dv, extraneous variables
are controlled through randomization, iv is manipulated, changes are measured in dv
Independent groups design - correct answer each participant is exposed to only one
level of iv
Basic design - correct answer iv has two levels (experimental group and control group),
need to ensure that the only difference between groups is the iv
Basic design: posttest only - correct answer two equivalent groups, expose one group to
the iv, measure how groups differ on dv
Participant mortality - correct answer people drop out of the experiment before it is done
Basic design: pretest - posttest - correct answer two equivalent groups, test both groups
on dv, expose one group to iv, test both groups on dv again
Repeated measures design - correct answer each participant is exposed to all levels of
the iv
Repeated measure design without control group - correct answer participants randomly
recruited, all participants exposed to iv, all participants exposed to iv again, all
participants measured on dv
Repeated measures design with control group - correct answer participants randomly
recruited, random assignment, experimental group exposed to iv, experimental group
exposed to iv again, control group not exposed to iv, all participants measured on dv
Why do a survey? - correct answer 1. Allows for quick, cheep collection of a lot of data
2. Quickly investigates many types of questions 3. May be the best way to ask some
questions
A survey is - correct answer a snapshot of a person at a given time
Advantages of a survey - correct answer can track changes by comparison over
multiple surveys, some questions are time specific, may need to look over many times
to investigate certain questions involving stable variables
Types of questions you should avoid asking in a survey - correct answer confusing
wording, loaded questions, overly complex questions
Response set - correct answer a tendency to respond to all questions from a particular
perspective rather than to provide answers that are directly related to the questions
Types of response sets - correct answer faking good, all true, all false, all highest/lowest
Reasons for response sets - correct answer respondents didn't adequately consider
questions, didn't adequately understand questions, wanted to seem more desirable to
researcher, didn't trust researcher
How to check for response sets - correct answer switch the direction of the questions,
create questions so that consistent agreement or disagreement is not likely
Interviewer bias - correct answer when the interviewer might unintentionally encourage
respondents to respond in certain ways or might ask questions that lead to certain
answers
Two kinds of sampling techniques - correct answer probability sampling, non-probability
sampling
Probability sampling - correct answer each member has an equal chance of
participating
Types of probability sampling - correct answer simple random sampling, stratified
sampling, cluster sampling
Simple random sampling - correct answer every person in population has an equal
chance of participating
Stratified random sampling - correct answer population divided into groups, then
persons are randomly chosen from these groups
, Cluster sampling - correct answer everyone is a potential participant, divided into
clusters and clusters are randomly chosen
Non-probability sampling - correct answer little effort is expended to ensure the sample
accurately represents the population
Types of non-probability sampling - correct answer haphazard sampling, purpose
sampling, quota sampling
Haphazard sampling - correct answer no attempts to randomize sample
Purposive sampling - correct answer recruiting based on a screening criterion
Quota sampling - correct answer participants recruited as encountered, inclusion based
on predetermined percentages and is stopped once quota is met
Experimental design - correct answer clearly defined iv and dv, extraneous variables
are controlled through randomization, iv is manipulated, changes are measured in dv
Independent groups design - correct answer each participant is exposed to only one
level of iv
Basic design - correct answer iv has two levels (experimental group and control group),
need to ensure that the only difference between groups is the iv
Basic design: posttest only - correct answer two equivalent groups, expose one group to
the iv, measure how groups differ on dv
Participant mortality - correct answer people drop out of the experiment before it is done
Basic design: pretest - posttest - correct answer two equivalent groups, test both groups
on dv, expose one group to iv, test both groups on dv again
Repeated measures design - correct answer each participant is exposed to all levels of
the iv
Repeated measure design without control group - correct answer participants randomly
recruited, all participants exposed to iv, all participants exposed to iv again, all
participants measured on dv
Repeated measures design with control group - correct answer participants randomly
recruited, random assignment, experimental group exposed to iv, experimental group
exposed to iv again, control group not exposed to iv, all participants measured on dv
