Chapter 1—The Foundations of Chemistry
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. A body in motion possesses kinetic energy because of its motion.
b. An object possesses potential energy because of its position or composition.
c. Nuclear energy is an important kind of potential energy.
d. Chemical reactions and physical changes that release energy to their surroundings are
endothermic.
e. The Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy states that the combined amount of matter
and energy in the universe is fixed.
ANS: D
OBJ: Define the Laws of Conservation of matter and energy. | Define the terms endothermic and
exothermic. | Classify energy as potential or kinetic.
TOP: Matter and Energy
St
2. A braking automobile converts kinetic energy into heat in the brake pads. This is an example of the:
a. law of conservation of energy
b. law of constant composition
c. law of conservation of matter
d. law of multiple proportions
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e. law of gravity
ANS: A
OBJ: Apply the law of conservation of energy.
TOP: Matter and Energy
3. When magnesium is burned in air the mass of the product is heavier than the original mass of the
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magnesium. However, the product formed still has the same exact mass of magnesium with the
remainder of the mass being oxygen. This is an example of:
a. law of conservation of energy
b. law of definite proportions
c. law of conservation of matter
d. law of multiple proportions
es
e. law of gravity
ANS: C
OBJ: Apply the law of conservation of energy.
TOP: Matter and Energy
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4. Which of the following represents matter that could be described as macroscale?
a. a bromine atom
b. molecules of water
c. bacteria observed under a microscope
d. a paperclip
e. none of these
ANS: D
OBJ: Classify a description of matter as atomic-, micro-, or macro-scale.
TOP: Chemistry – A Molecular View of Matter
,5. Dalton's Atomic Theory included all of the ideas listed below except:
a. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed.
b. An element is composed of very small particles called protons, neutrons and electrons.
c. All atoms of a given element have identical properties.
d. All atoms of a given element have properties that differ from those of other elements.
e. Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine with one another in
small whole-number ratios.
ANS: B
OBJ: Identify the tenets of Dalton's atomic theory.
TOP: Chemistry – A Molecular View of Matter
6. Atoms consist of three fundamental particles. What are these particles and their charges?
a. proton (+1), neutron (neutral) and electron (-1)
b. proton (-1), neutron (+1) and electron (neutral)
c. proton (+1), neutron (-1) and electron (neutral)
d. proton (neutral), neutron (+1) and electron (-1)
e. proton (-1), neutron (neutral) and electron (+1)
ANS: A
St
OBJ: Identify the three subatomic particles that make up an atom.
TOP: Chemistry – A Molecular View of Matter
7. One of the following does not describe gases. Which one is it?
a. Expands infinitely.
b. Rigid shape.
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c. Easily compressed.
d. Relatively low densities.
e. Particles far apart.
ANS: B
OBJ: Classify a gas.
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TOP: States of Matter
8. One of the following does not describe solids. Which one is it?
a. Particles in definite positions.
b. Definite shape.
c. Easily compressed.
d. Relatively high densities.
es
e. Particles compact.
ANS: C
OBJ: Classify a solid.
TOP: States of Matter
9. Which response lists characteristics of liquids?
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I. Volume does not vary much upon heating.
II. Shape is constant.
III. Easily compressed.
IV. Fills the container completely.
V. Flows.
, a. I, III, IV, and V
b. II, III, and V
c. I
d. I, II, IV, and IV
e. I and V
ANS: E
OBJ: Classify a liquid.
TOP: States of Matter
10. All of the following are properties of antimony. Which one is not a physical property?
a. It is a solid at room temperature.
b. It has both yellow and gray forms (allotropes) in the solid state.
c. It burns in an atmosphere of chlorine.
d. It is one of the few substances that expands upon freezing.
e. The gray form melts at 631 C.
ANS: C
OBJ: Classify a property as physical or chemical.
St
TOP: Chemical and Physical Properties
11. The following properties describe zinc. Which one(s) is (are) chemical properties?
I. It is bluish-white metal.
II. It corrodes upon prolonged contact with moist air.
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III. Its density is 7.14 g/cm3.
IV. It melts at 419 C.
V. It conducts electricity.
a. IV and V
b. IV
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c. V
d. II, IV, and V
e. II
ANS: E
OBJ: Classify a property as physical or chemical.
es
TOP: Chemical and Physical Properties
12. All of the following are properties of oxygen. Which one is a physical property?
a. It supports combustion.
b. It condenses to a liquid at -219 C and atmospheric pressure.
c. It causes iron to rust.
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d. It reacts with calcium to produce calcium oxide, CaO.
e. All of these are physical properties.
ANS: B
OBJ: Classify a property as physical or chemical.
TOP: Chemical and Physical Properties
, 13. The following statements describe some physical and chemical properties of sucrose (table sugar).
Which response includes all that describe chemical properties, and none that describe physical
properties?
I. It is a colorless solid.
II. It chars or blackens when heated gently.
III. Its density is 1.6 g/mL.
IV. It ignites and burns with a yellow flame when heated strongly.
V. It is usually in the form of small crystals although it can occur as a powder.
a. I, III, and IV
b. II and IV
c. II, IV, and V
d. I and V
e. another combination is the answer
ANS: B
OBJ: Classify a property as physical or chemical.
TOP: Chemical and Physical Properties
14. Which of the following is not an intensive property of matter?
St
a. color
b. density
c. melting point
d. weight
e. boiling point
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ANS: D
OBJ: Classify a property as intensive or extensive.
TOP: Chemical and Physical Properties
15. Which of the following is an extensive property of matter?
a. weight
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b. melting point
c. specific gravity
d. color
e. density
ANS: A
es
OBJ: Classify a property as intensive or extensive.
TOP: Chemical and Physical Properties
16. Identify which of the following properties of methane would be observed only with a change in
composition.
a. The melting point is -182.5 C.
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b. The density is 6.67 × 10-4 g/cm3.
c. Carbon dioxide forms when it burns.
d. The boiling point is -161.5 C.
e. It dissolves slightly in water.
ANS: C
OBJ: Classify a property as chemical or physical.
TOP: Chemical and Physical Properties
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. A body in motion possesses kinetic energy because of its motion.
b. An object possesses potential energy because of its position or composition.
c. Nuclear energy is an important kind of potential energy.
d. Chemical reactions and physical changes that release energy to their surroundings are
endothermic.
e. The Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy states that the combined amount of matter
and energy in the universe is fixed.
ANS: D
OBJ: Define the Laws of Conservation of matter and energy. | Define the terms endothermic and
exothermic. | Classify energy as potential or kinetic.
TOP: Matter and Energy
St
2. A braking automobile converts kinetic energy into heat in the brake pads. This is an example of the:
a. law of conservation of energy
b. law of constant composition
c. law of conservation of matter
d. law of multiple proportions
ud
e. law of gravity
ANS: A
OBJ: Apply the law of conservation of energy.
TOP: Matter and Energy
3. When magnesium is burned in air the mass of the product is heavier than the original mass of the
yN
magnesium. However, the product formed still has the same exact mass of magnesium with the
remainder of the mass being oxygen. This is an example of:
a. law of conservation of energy
b. law of definite proportions
c. law of conservation of matter
d. law of multiple proportions
es
e. law of gravity
ANS: C
OBJ: Apply the law of conservation of energy.
TOP: Matter and Energy
t
4. Which of the following represents matter that could be described as macroscale?
a. a bromine atom
b. molecules of water
c. bacteria observed under a microscope
d. a paperclip
e. none of these
ANS: D
OBJ: Classify a description of matter as atomic-, micro-, or macro-scale.
TOP: Chemistry – A Molecular View of Matter
,5. Dalton's Atomic Theory included all of the ideas listed below except:
a. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed.
b. An element is composed of very small particles called protons, neutrons and electrons.
c. All atoms of a given element have identical properties.
d. All atoms of a given element have properties that differ from those of other elements.
e. Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine with one another in
small whole-number ratios.
ANS: B
OBJ: Identify the tenets of Dalton's atomic theory.
TOP: Chemistry – A Molecular View of Matter
6. Atoms consist of three fundamental particles. What are these particles and their charges?
a. proton (+1), neutron (neutral) and electron (-1)
b. proton (-1), neutron (+1) and electron (neutral)
c. proton (+1), neutron (-1) and electron (neutral)
d. proton (neutral), neutron (+1) and electron (-1)
e. proton (-1), neutron (neutral) and electron (+1)
ANS: A
St
OBJ: Identify the three subatomic particles that make up an atom.
TOP: Chemistry – A Molecular View of Matter
7. One of the following does not describe gases. Which one is it?
a. Expands infinitely.
b. Rigid shape.
ud
c. Easily compressed.
d. Relatively low densities.
e. Particles far apart.
ANS: B
OBJ: Classify a gas.
yN
TOP: States of Matter
8. One of the following does not describe solids. Which one is it?
a. Particles in definite positions.
b. Definite shape.
c. Easily compressed.
d. Relatively high densities.
es
e. Particles compact.
ANS: C
OBJ: Classify a solid.
TOP: States of Matter
9. Which response lists characteristics of liquids?
t
I. Volume does not vary much upon heating.
II. Shape is constant.
III. Easily compressed.
IV. Fills the container completely.
V. Flows.
, a. I, III, IV, and V
b. II, III, and V
c. I
d. I, II, IV, and IV
e. I and V
ANS: E
OBJ: Classify a liquid.
TOP: States of Matter
10. All of the following are properties of antimony. Which one is not a physical property?
a. It is a solid at room temperature.
b. It has both yellow and gray forms (allotropes) in the solid state.
c. It burns in an atmosphere of chlorine.
d. It is one of the few substances that expands upon freezing.
e. The gray form melts at 631 C.
ANS: C
OBJ: Classify a property as physical or chemical.
St
TOP: Chemical and Physical Properties
11. The following properties describe zinc. Which one(s) is (are) chemical properties?
I. It is bluish-white metal.
II. It corrodes upon prolonged contact with moist air.
ud
III. Its density is 7.14 g/cm3.
IV. It melts at 419 C.
V. It conducts electricity.
a. IV and V
b. IV
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c. V
d. II, IV, and V
e. II
ANS: E
OBJ: Classify a property as physical or chemical.
es
TOP: Chemical and Physical Properties
12. All of the following are properties of oxygen. Which one is a physical property?
a. It supports combustion.
b. It condenses to a liquid at -219 C and atmospheric pressure.
c. It causes iron to rust.
t
d. It reacts with calcium to produce calcium oxide, CaO.
e. All of these are physical properties.
ANS: B
OBJ: Classify a property as physical or chemical.
TOP: Chemical and Physical Properties
, 13. The following statements describe some physical and chemical properties of sucrose (table sugar).
Which response includes all that describe chemical properties, and none that describe physical
properties?
I. It is a colorless solid.
II. It chars or blackens when heated gently.
III. Its density is 1.6 g/mL.
IV. It ignites and burns with a yellow flame when heated strongly.
V. It is usually in the form of small crystals although it can occur as a powder.
a. I, III, and IV
b. II and IV
c. II, IV, and V
d. I and V
e. another combination is the answer
ANS: B
OBJ: Classify a property as physical or chemical.
TOP: Chemical and Physical Properties
14. Which of the following is not an intensive property of matter?
St
a. color
b. density
c. melting point
d. weight
e. boiling point
ud
ANS: D
OBJ: Classify a property as intensive or extensive.
TOP: Chemical and Physical Properties
15. Which of the following is an extensive property of matter?
a. weight
yN
b. melting point
c. specific gravity
d. color
e. density
ANS: A
es
OBJ: Classify a property as intensive or extensive.
TOP: Chemical and Physical Properties
16. Identify which of the following properties of methane would be observed only with a change in
composition.
a. The melting point is -182.5 C.
t
b. The density is 6.67 × 10-4 g/cm3.
c. Carbon dioxide forms when it burns.
d. The boiling point is -161.5 C.
e. It dissolves slightly in water.
ANS: C
OBJ: Classify a property as chemical or physical.
TOP: Chemical and Physical Properties
