Citi Study Exam Test.

CITI STUDY EXAM TEST. The researcher's failure to protect research subjects from deductive disclosure of identity (that is, the re-identification of subjects by other researchers) is the primary ethical violation in which of the following studies? - CORRECT ANSWER "Tastes, Ties, and Time (T3)" study Although no students were identified by name in the T3 study, some data were specific enough to allow for re-identification of students by an outside researcher. This is an example of the failure to protect subjects from deductive disclosure of their identities. The primary ethical problems of the other studies include physical harms and unanticipated psychological harm. A study was submitted to the IRB designed to evaluate the effect of background noise on an individual's ability to concentrate and answer questions. The IRB approved the study and consent form. The consent form includes all the required information. The use of a consent form is an example of the Belmont principle of: - CORRECT ANSWER The principle of respect for persons requires that subjects understand that participation is voluntary and that they are provided detailed information about the study before giving consent to participate. The principle of beneficence requires that risks are reasonable in relationship to anticipated benefits. The principle of justice requires that the benefits and burdens of research are equitably distributed and subject populations are not chosen because of convenience. A researcher submits a study to the IRB that proposes to evaluate a new after-school on-line tutoring program for middle-school students in a local school district examining the effect on student grades. She proposes to perform this assessment at the school that her children attend, because she is familiar with the school district. Students may use either their personal smartphone or computer to participate in the program. This study might be determined to be violating which principle of the Belmont Report? - CORRECT ANSWER This proposal would violate the principle of justice which requires that the benefits and burdens of research are equitably distributed and subject populations are not chosen because of convenience. Choosing a single school that her children attend might be viewed as providing a subject population of convenience. Evaluating the program in multiple schools across a school district could avoid this problem. If the schools in the district have wide variations in household income, this study might eliminate students from less affluent families without access to internet service and electronic tools, failing to ensure that benefits and burdens of research are equitably distributed. According to the federal regulations, which of the following studies meets the definition of research with human subjects? - CORRECT ANSWER A cognitive psychologist enrolls undergraduate students for a computer-based study about the effect of mood on problem-solving behaviors. A cognitive scientist studying the effect of moods on problem-solving behaviors is asking a research question and is interacting with living individuals. Questioning a superintendent of schools to acquire data about the ethnic composition of a school system is asking "about what" questions rather than "about whom" questions (if a study proposed interviewing the superintendent of public schools about his or her experience in the field of education or about his or her perceptions about the current problems within the school system and possible solutions, the questions would become "about whom"). Analyses of public behavior such as writing for a blog or a newspaper do not meet the definition because there is no interaction or intervention with a human subject and no collection of private information. Finally, in the class exercise described, the intention is pedagogical (to learn how to conduct and interview) rather than to answer a research question.