NURS 3661 Exam 1 Questions And Answers

A patient with type 1 diabetes has told the nurse that his most recent urine test for ketones was positive. What is the nurse's most plausible conclusion based on this assessment finding? - ANS The patient's insulin levels are inadequate. A patient presents to the clinic complaining of symptoms that suggest diabetes. What criteria would support checking blood levels for the diagnosis of diabetes? - ANS Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL A patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is attending a nutrition class. What general guideline would be important to teach the patients at this class? - ANS Most calories should be derived from carbohydrates. A nurse is providing health education to an adolescent newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus and her family. The nurse teaches the patient and family that which of the following nonpharmacologic measures will decrease the body's need for insulin? - ANS Exercise A medical nurse is caring for a patient with type 1 diabetes. The patients medication administration record includes the administration of regular insulin three times daily. Knowing that the patient's lunch tray will arrive at 11:45, when should the nurse administer the patients insulin? - ANS 11:15 A patient has just been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The physician has prescribed an oral antidiabetic agent that will inhibit the production of glucose by the liver and thereby aid in the control of blood glucose. What type of oral antidiabetic agent did the physician prescribe for this patient? - ANS A biguanide A diabetes nurse educator is teaching a group of patients with type 1 diabetes about sick day rules. What guideline applies to periods of illness in a diabetic patient? - ANS Do not eliminate insulin when nauseated and vomiting. The nurse is discussing macrovascular complications of diabetes with a patient. The nurse would address what topic during this dialogue? - ANS The fact that patients with diabetes have an elevated risk of myocardial infarction A school nurse is teaching a group of high school students about risk factors for diabetes. Which of the following actions has the greatest potential to reduce an individuals risk for developing diabetes? - ANS Lose weight, if obese. A 15-year-old child is brought to the emergency department with symptoms of hyperglycemia and is subsequently diagnosed with diabetes. Based on the fact that the childs pancreatic beta cells are being destroyed, the patient would be diagnosed with what type of diabetes? - ANS Type 1 diabetes A newly admitted patient with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse what caused her diabetes. When the nurse is explaining to the patient the etiology of type 1 diabetes, what process should the nurse describe? - ANS Destruction of special cells in the pancreas causes a decrease in insulin production. Glucose levels rise because insulin normally breaks it down. An occupational health nurse is screening a group of workers for diabetes. What statement should the nurse interpret as suggestive of diabetes? - ANS Lately, I drink and drink and cant seem to quench my thirst. A diabetes educator is teaching a patient about type 2 diabetes. The educator recognizes that the patient understands the primary treatment for type 2 diabetes when the patient states what? - ANS I will make sure to follow the weight loss plan designed by the dietitian. A diabetes nurse educator is presenting the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations for levels of caloric intake. What do the ADAs recommendations include? - ANS 50% to 60% of calories from carbohydrates, 20% to 30% from fat, and the remaining 10% to 20% from protein An older adult patient with type 2 diabetes is brought to the emergency department by his daughter. The patient is found to have a blood glucose level of 623 mg/dL. The patients daughter reports that the patient recently had a gastrointestinal virus and has been confused for the last 3 hours. The diagnosis of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) is made. What nursing action would be a priority? - ANS Fluid and electrolyte replacement A nurse is caring for a patient with type 1 diabetes who is being discharged home tomorrow. What is the best way to assess the patients ability to prepare and self-administer insulin? - ANS Observe the patient drawing up and administering the insulin. An elderly patient comes to the clinic with her daughter. The patient is a diabetic and is concerned about foot care. The nurse goes over foot care with the patient and her daughter as the nurse realizes that foot care is extremely important. Why would the nurse feel that foot care is so important to this patient? - ANS Avoiding foot ulcers may mean the difference between institutionalization and continued independent living. A diabetic educator is discussing sick day rules with a newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic. The educator is aware that the patient will require further teaching when the patient states what? - ANS I will not take my insulin on the days when I am sick, but I will certainly check my blood sugar every 2 hours. Which of the following patients with type 1 diabetes is most likely to experience adequate glucose control? - ANS A patient who adheres closely to a meal plan and meal schedule A 28-year-old pregnant woman is spilling sugar in her urine. The physician orders a glucose tolerance test, which reveals gestational diabetes. The patient is shocked by the diagnosis, stating that she is conscientious about her health, and asks the nurse what causes gestational diabetes. The nurse should explain that gestational diabetes is a result of what etiologic factor? - ANS The effects of hormonal changes during pregnancy A medical nurse is aware of the need to screen specific patients for their risk of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS). In what patient population does hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome most often occur? - ANS Middle-aged or older people with either type 2 diabetes or no known history of diabetes