Bio 220 Exam 2 Study Guide GCU Questions And Answers Graded A+

‘Acute toxicity -Answer-toxic impact of single or multiple exposures with sudden/adverse effects (typically 14 days) -health risks easily established Agricultural Advances -Answer-automate harvesting & planting as opposed to manual labor practices Allergen -Answer-substances that activate an allergic reaction in the immune system Antibiotic resistance -Answer--certain strains of bacteria resistant to antibiotics -occurs as a result of people not finishing full prescriptions of antibiotic (evolution of survival) -farm animals excrete antibiotics that make their way to surface water--creates further resistance. Antibodies -Answer-proteins which counteract foreign chemicals Antigens -Answer-foreign substances to human body that trigger production of specific antibodies Bioaccumulation -Answer-accumulation of toxic chemicals from dilution in surrounding environment Biocides -Answer-poisonous substance; cause destruction of life (especially pesticides) Biomagnification -Answer-build-up of toxic chemicals transferred from prey to predator as they move up the food chain Body burden -Answer-frequent cell damage & repair causes an adverse effect on cell cycle control leading to uncontrolled mitosis and allows tumor formation Carcinogen -Answer-substances that cause cancer (uncontrolled cell growth) -asbestos-some detoxins -tobacco smoke Carcinomas -Answer-cancers of skin & other tissues of internal organs Carrying Capacity -Answer-number of organisms in a given species that can be supported indefinitely Center Pivot irrigation -Answer--primarily Midwest; replaced most gravity-flow systems. -efficient--conserve water, can distribute fertilizer through sprinklers, navigate rough terrain, naturally break soil. -minimal labor Chronic Toxicity -Answer-toxic impact over a longer period of time with less obvious impact. challenging to determine health risks due to aging & prolonged exposure to other toxins & disease Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) -Answer--(1933) conservation services in Midwest managed by US Army -created high demand jobs for unemployed to support families (road building, construction at natural forests, 200+ mil trees planted between Canada and Texas to help erosion) Classification of Toxins -Answer--carcinogens -allergen/antigen -neurotoxins -mutagens -endocrine disrupters -teratogens -immune system depressants Clean Air Act (1963) -Answer-regulates air emissions from stationary & mobile sourcesClean Water Act (1972) -Answer-regulate pollutant discharge into waters Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO's) -Answer--animals housed in large enclosures at close courters -corn & soy diet -rapid meat production/shorter turnaround -heavy use of antibiotics (increased risk of disease)