BIO 182 Exam 4 NAU Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions

Be familiar with the common characteristics of animals. - - Multicellular heterotrophs - cells lack cell walls -most have nerves, muscles, and capacity to move at some point in the life cycle - able to reproduce sexually - specialized sensory structures and nervous system - cells exist in extensive extracellular matrix - unique cell junctions What type of life cycle do all animals show? - gametic What is the most likely ancestor of animals? - choanoflagellates What are the 3 major features that were traditionally used to classify animals? Know the different variations on these 3 major features. - 1. Tissues - metazoa - parazoa - porifera (sponges) - eumetazoa 2. Body Symmetry - radial symmetry - bilateral symmetry 3. Specific features of embryonic development - protosome - deutrosome Be able to draw/identify the phylogenetic tree based off those three major features. - See chapter 26 phylogeny treeWhat are the features of protostome and deuterostome development? - Protostome: - spiral cleavage - cleavage is determinate - blastopore becomes mouth Deutrostome: - radial cleavage - cleavage in indeterminate - blastopore becomes anus What is the focused gene for molecular analysis used in animal diversity? - Compare similarities between DNA and ribosomal RNA of animals Sometimes focus on small subunit ribosomal RNA What are the 2 new invertebrate clades that resulted from molecular analysis of the rRNA region of the genome? - Ecdysozoa: - named for ecdysis (molting) - nematodes, arthropods, and a few other minor phyla Lophotrochozoa: - named for the lophophore (feeding tentacles) and trochophore larva - mollusks, annelids, and several other phyla For this chapter, you should know each of the phylum names (13 total phyla) that are the end points of the phylogenetic tree of invertebrates. You should also be able to be able to draw the tree and know the major traits that divide the clades on the tree. - 1. Phylum Porifera 2. Phylum Cnidaria 3. Phylum Ctenphora 4. Phylum Platyhelminthes 5. Phylum Rotifera 6. Phylum Bryozoa7. Phylum Brachiopoda 8. Phylum Mollusca 9. Phylum Annelida 10. Phylum Nematoda 11. Phylum Arthropoda 12. Phylum Echinodermata 13. Phylum Chordata You should also be able to identify important features of each of the phyla. (type of gut, type of tissue, presence or absence of a brain, internal vs external fertilization, etc...) - 1. Phylum Porifera 2. Phylum Cnidaria 3. Phylum Ctenphora 4. Phylum Platyhelminthes 5. Phylum Rotifera 6. Phylum Bryozoa 7. Phylum Brachiopoda 8. Phylum Mollusca 9. Phylum Annelida 10. Phylum Nematoda 11. Phylum Arthropoda 12. Phylum Echinodermata 13. Phylum Chordata