WGU D265 Study Set with Questions and Answers

Principle of Charity we should choose the reconstructed argument that gives the benefit of the doubt to the person presenting the argument confirmation bias a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence Alief An automatic belief-like attitude that can explain how our instinctual responses can conflict with our reasoned-out beliefs. representitativeness heuristic A cognitive bias in which we categorize a new situation based on the nearest prototype or experience in our mind. anchoring bias a tendency to fixate on initial information, from which one then fails to adequately adjust for subsequent information selection bias When the sample we generalize from is too small or is not representative of the larger target population selective reporting Reporting the same data in different ways to achieve different rhetorical goals. availability bias items that are more readily available in memory are judged as having occurred more frequently ad hominem a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute Genetic Fallacy Condemning an argument because of where it began, how it began, or who began it. straw man fallacy instead of dealing with the actual issue, it attacks a weaker version of the argument red herring fallacy when a speaker introduces an irrelevant issue or piece of evidence to divert attention from argument appeal to authority fallacy accepting a claim merely because an authority figure endorses it