Abnormal Psychology Ch. 11 (Quinnipiac University) Questions and Answers 2024;full solution pack

substance related disorders - wide ranging psychophysiological and behavioral effects, associated with significant impairment and costs substance abuse terms - intoxication, cravings/ psychological dependence, diminished control, abuse versus dependence, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms of alcohol intoxication - slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, nystagmus (involuntary eye movement), impairment in attention or memory, stupor or coma alcohols effects depends on - a person's physical condition, amount of food and duration of drinking DSM 5 changes - - substance use disorder combines substance abuse and dependence into a single disorder measured from mild to severe - each specific substance is a separate disorder - criteria have been strengthened - gambling disorder and internet gaming disorder were included Alcohol use disorder - a problematic pattern of alcohol leading to clinically significant impairment or distress alcohol severity - mild: 2-3 symptoms moderate: 4-5 symptoms severe: 6+ symptoms 5 categories of substances - depressants- behavioral sedation, stimulants- alertness and elevated mood, opiates- euphoria and analgesia, hallucinogens- alter sensory perception, other- inhalants, overthe-counterdepressants (alcohol) - absorbed through stomach, small intestine, and the colon, average rate of metabolism is 1 oz of 90 proof liquor or 12oz of beer per hours, BAC level blackouts - abusers may continue to function without passing out but fail to remember their behavior opiates - include opium, morphine, codeine, heroin short term effects- dream like euphoria, sensitivity in hearing and vision, never get the same feeling and need higher amounts of the substance, expensive, AIDs, violence and suicide hallucinogens - resembles serotonin and norepinephrine, blocks serotonin receptors in brain, short term effects include vivid, powerful visual images which may change rapidly, usually pleasant drugs - LSD- blocks serotonin receptors in the brain, MDMA (ecstasy) has characteristics of hallucinogens and stimulants MJ (marijuana) active substance is THC but withdrawal and tolerance is uncommon etiology - 1. initiation and continuation 2. escalation and transition to abuse 3. development of tolerance and withdrawal positive reinforcement - repeated pairing with rewards negative reinforcement - escape from unpleasantness, self-medication, tension reduction, coping mechanism for negative affect treatment - detoxification and pharmacotherapy, self helps groups like AA, NA AA precursors to relapse - HALT- Hungry, Angry, Lonely, TiredAzure and Nunn 3 step method - 1. make the person more aware of the habit 2. provide approval for inhibiting the habit 3. practice behaviors that are incompatible with the problem habit