CBRN INTRODUCTION Exam Questions and Answers All Correct

CBRN INTRODUCTION Exam Questions and Answers All Correct INTRODUCTION TO CBRN Define the following term: Terrorism - Answer-The deliberate creation and exploitation of fear through violence or the threat of violence in the pursuit of political change ... [which] is specifically designed to have far-reaching political consequences beyond the immediate victim(s) or object of the terrorist attack.'' Classic/conventional terrorism - Answer-Limited objectives (usually political) • Limited range of weapons (e.g, guns and bombs) Modern/unconventional terrorism - Answer-• Variety of actors. • Multinetworked organizations. • Religious nexus. • Rogue or near-failed states. • Asymmetric warfare is common. • Blurring of crime and terrorism. • Evolution of cyber threats. • Evolving technical expertise on CBRNE from rogue states. Conventional warfare/terror - Answer-A form of warfare/terror conducted by using conventional weapons and battlefield tactics between two or more states in open confrontation. The forces on each side are well-defined, and fight using weapons that primarily target the opponent's military. It is normally fought using conventional weapons, and not with chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons. Unconventional Terrorism - Answer-''unconventional'' refers to a practice that is not standard or customary, unconventional warfare represents what may be considered by some to be an ''abnormal'' or ''uncommon'' form of warfare. Unconventional conflicts are collectively called complex humanitarian emergencies (CHEs). It has been suggested that if conventional warfare/terror refers to confrontations between roughly equal state militaries, then unconventional warfare may be designated as warfare between unmatched adversaries or between a state and at least one non-state actor. Characteristically, unconventional conflicts/CHEs result in more civilian victims than military personnel casualties, a level that may be as high as 10 civilians for every militant killed. In what other ways are unconventional events different from conventional events? - Answer-Quiet appearance (no explosion) vs. noisy Characteristic appearance of first casualties Nature of substance unknown at first Wide range of noxious substances and ways of exposure Severity of injury depends on distance from epicenter (and may be different if agent used in a close vs open area) First responders injured as well if not protected Weapons of mass destruction - Answer-Include nuclear/ radiological; biological and chemical weapons What methods are used to confirm the use of weapons of mass destruction? - AnswerClinical; environmental/ technical methods HISTORY OF CHEMICAL WARFARE Which war gave birth to the large-scale use of chemical warfare? - Answer-World War I marked the beginning of the use of chemical weapons in war on an unprecedented scale. The first large-scale use of chemical weapons took place near Yves, Belgium, during WWI, when chlorine gas was used in an attack by Germany. Both sides later used phosgene and then sulfur mustard among other agents.