Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology Review Questions and Answers

Natural opioids come from opium, which comes from unripe seed capsules of the poppy plant. Contains many chemicals (morphine and codeine) Pain Unpleasant sensation or emotion that produces tissue damage (subjective) Acute pain related to injury such as recent surgery, trauma, or infection...ends within expected time Chronic pain pain that continues beyond usual course of acute injury process Tolerance drug related problem that is seen when the same amount of drug loses effect over time Dependence body shows withdrawal symptoms when drug is stopped or a reversing antagonist is given Withdrawal symptoms nausea or anxiety that occur when a drug is stopped or reduced after regular use (tapering off drug can reduce these symptoms) Addiction Desperate need and want to have drug for nonmedical reasons Opioid Antagonist Anagesics ACTION CNS is shown through pain relief(analgesia) sleepiness euphoria(feeling of well being) unclear thinking slow breathing miosis slowed peristalsis (constipation) reduced cough reflex Opioid Antagonist Anagesics USES treat moderate to severe acute pain and chronic pain Opioid Antagonist Anagesics ADVERSE ACTION bradycardia hypotension constipation slow breathing shortness of breath overdosage may cause bradypenia Opioid Antagonist Anagesics CHRONIC OVERDOSAGE very small pupils constipation mood changes and reduced level of alertness Opioid Antagonist Anagesics