Critical Thinking- Reason and Evidence Revision Questions and Answers

Ampliative inference premises make conclusion probable begging the question Assumes the conclusion Abductive Argument logical guess that may be true or false cogent argument a strong argument with true premises inductive argument Uses specific Premises to make broader generalization deductive argument Conclusion is true w/ two or more true premises The Fallacy Fallacy presumed that because a claim has been poorly argued, or a fallacy has been made, that the claim itself must be wrong Example: Recognising that Amanda had committed a fallacy in arguing that we should eat healthy food because a nutritionist said it was popular, Alyse said we should therefore eat bacon double cheeseburgers every day Affirming the Consequent If X, then Y. Y. Therefore X. Denying the Antecedent If X, then Y Not X Therefore, not Y Modus tollens or denying the consequent if X then Y Not Y Therefore not X Modus ponens or affirming the antecedent If X then Y X therefore Y Anchoring An individuals decisions are influenced by a particular reference representativeness Smaller group accurately representing a larger group